首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
History of weather forecasting Early methods Almanacs connected the weather with the positions of different【L31】________at p
History of weather forecasting Early methods Almanacs connected the weather with the positions of different【L31】________at p
admin
2022-09-09
48
问题
History of weather forecasting
Early methods
Almanacs connected the weather with the positions of different【L31】________at particular times.
Invention of weather instruments
A hydrometer showed levels of【L32】________, (Nicholas Cusa 1450)
Temperature variations — first measured by a thermometer containing【L33】________
(Galileo Galilei 1593)
A barometer indicated air pressure (Evangelista Torricelli 1645)
Transmitting weather information
The use of the【L34】________allowed information to be passed around the world.
Daily【L35】________were produced by France.
Producing a weather forecast
Weather observation stations are found mostly at【L36】________around the country.
Satellite images use the colour orange to show【L37】________
The satellites give so much detail that meteorologists can distinguish a particular【L38】________
Information about the upper atmosphere is sent from instruments attached to a【L39】________
Radar is particularly useful for following the movement of【L40】________
【L33】
I work for the National Weather Service and as part of your course on weather patterns, I’ve been asked to talk to you about how we predict the weather. We’re so used to switching on our TVs and getting an up-to-date weather forecast at any time of day or night that we probably forget that this level of sophistication has only been achieved in the last few decades and weather forecasting is actually an ancient art. So I want to start by looking back into history.
The earliest weather forecasts appeared in the 1500s in almanacks, which were lists of information produced every year.
Their predictions relied heavily on making connections between the weather and where the planets were in the sky
on certain days. In addition, predictions were often based on information like if the fourth night after a new moon was clear, good weather was expected to follow.
But once basic weather instruments were invented, things slowly started to change. In the mid-fifteenth century a man called Nicholas Cusa, a German mathematician,
designed a hygrometer which told people how much humidity there was in the air
. To do this, Cusa put some sheep’s wool on a set of scales and then monitored the change in the wool’s weight according to the air conditions.
A piece of equipment we all know and use is the thermometer. Changes in temperature couldn’t really be measured until the Italian Galileo Galilei invented his thermometer in 1593. It wasn’t like a modern-day thermometer because
it had water inside it
instead of mercury. In fact, it wasn’t until 1714 that Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first mercury thermometer. In 1643 another Italian called Evangelista Torricelli invented the first barometer which measured atmospheric pressure. This was another big step forward in more accurate weather predicting.
As time went on, during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, all these meteorological instruments were improved and developed and people in different countries began to record measurements relating to their local weather. However, in those days it was very difficult to send records from one part of the world to another so
it wasn’t possible for them to share their information until the electric telegraph became more widespread
. This meant that weather observations could be sent on a regular basis to and from different countries. By the 1860s, therefore, weather forecasts were becoming more common and accurate because they were based on observations taken at the same time over a wide area.
In 1863, France started building weather maps each day
.
This hadn’t been done before, and other nations soon followed. So that was the start of national weather forecasting and I’ll now tell you how we at the National Weather Centre get the information we need to produce a forecast.
Even today, one of the most important methods we use is observations which tell us what the weather is doing right now. Observation reports are sent automatically from equipment at a number of weather stations in different parts of the country.
They are nearly all based at airports
although a few are in urban centres. The equipment senses temperature, humidity, pressure and wind speed and direction. Meteorologists also rely really heavily on satellites which send images to our computer screens. What we see on our screens is bright colours.
Orange represents dry air
and bright blue shows moisture levels in the atmosphere. The satellites are located 22,000 miles above the surface of the Earth and it’s amazing that despite that distance
it’s possible for us to make out an individual cloud
and follow it as it moves across the landscape.
In addition to collecting data from the ground, we need to know what’s happening in the upper levels of the atmosphere. So a couple of times a day from many sites across the country, we send radiosondes into the air.
A radiosonde is a box containing a package of equipment and it hangs from a balloon
which is filled with gas. Data is transmitted back to the weather station.
Finally, radar. This was first used over 150 years ago and still, is. New advances are being made all the time and it is
one method for detecting and monitoring the progress of hurricanes
. Crucial information is shown by different colours representing speed and direction. Radar is also used by aircraft, of course.
All this information from different sources is put into computer models which are like massive computer programs. Sometimes they all give us the same story and sometimes we have to use our own experience to decide which is showing the most accurate forecast which we then pass on to you. So I hope next time you watch the weather forecast, you’ll think about how we meteorologists spend our time. And maybe I’ve persuaded some of you to study meteorology in more depth.
选项
答案
water
解析
本题询问温度计里面含有什么。录音原文中的had…inside是题目中containing…的同义表述,故空格处填入water。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/zmnD777K
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
给定程序中,函数fun的功能是:计算出形参s所指字符串中包含的单词个数,作为函数值返回。为便于统计,规定各单词之间用空格隔开。例如,形参s所指的字符串为:ThisisaClanguageprogram.,函数的返回值为6。请在程
考生文件夹下存在一个数据库文件“samp2.mdb”,里面已经设计好两个表对象住宿登记表“tA”和住房信息表“tB”。试按以下要求完成设计:(1)创建一个查询,查找并显示客人的“姓名”、“入住日期”和“价格”三个字段内容,所建查询命名为“qT1”。(2
张老师撰写了一篇学术论文,拟投稿于大学学报,发表之前需要根据学报要求完成论文样式排版。根据考生文件夹下“Word素材.docx”完成排版工作,具体要求如下:设置正文中的“表1”、“表2”与对应表格标题的交叉引用关系(注意:“表1”、“表2”的“表”字与
张老师撰写了一篇学术论文,拟投稿于大学学报,发表之前需要根据学报要求完成论文样式排版。根据考生文件夹下“Word素材.docx”完成排版工作,具体要求如下:将论文中不同颜色的文字设置为标题格式,要求如下表。设置完成后,需将最后一页的“参考文献”段落设置
Howmuchshouldonepayinthefirstyear?
MidburyDramaClubBackgroundClubstagedin1957Prizerecentlywonby【L1】________sectionUsuallyperforms【L2】_____
PRIMERECRUITMENTEmploymentrecordSurname:LamertonEmail:【L1】________@worldnet.comNationality:【L2】________ReferenceName:
WhatwasfortunateforCrystal?
We’lldoourbesttohelpthose(fortunate)________people.
A、Open.B、Friendly.C、Selfish.D、Reserved.D事实细节题。女士说很多到过英国的外国人都说很难与英国人交朋友,说英国人冷漠、矜持、不友好。reserved意为“寡言的,矜持的”。
随机试题
史载:一名叫马丁的英国保险商人于公历1536年6月18日为他的朋友吉朋承保人寿保险,保险金额2000英镑,保险期限12个月,吉朋于1537年5月29日死亡,受益人请求给付保险金。但马丁声称:保险期间12个月,是以阳历每月28天计算,不是指日历上的12个月,
A.金水并补B.培土生金C.滋水涵木D.补火生土E.抑木扶土(1997年第89,90题)麦门冬汤体现的治法是()
28岁男性患者,为急性肾衰竭少尿期,全身浮肿,双肺底有湿性哕音,呼吸26次/分,心率120次/分。对该患者进行血液检查,几乎不可能出现的结果是
患儿,男,6个月。因发热3天,惊厥2次入院。查体:体温38.7℃,烦躁不安,心率120次/min,心音有力,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及啰音,腹软,前囟膨隆,张力较高。为明确诊断,首选的检查
系统性红斑狼疮的特点是
前列腺癌(T1b、T2期)的最佳治疗方法是
A.处3年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或剥夺政治权利B.处5年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或单处违法所得1至5倍罚金C.处5年以上10年以下有期徒刑,并处违法所得1至5倍罚金,或者没收财产D.处5年以上有期徒刑,并处违法所得1至5倍罚金,或者没收财产
对于民间非营利组织中捐赠业务的特征,下列说法中,正确的有()。
网约车“合规”,说到底是为了促进网约车行业更良性的发展,为了保障和增进民众的福祉。网约车之规合不合理,民众的利益是最重要的标尺。换言之,如果“合规”有利于民众利益,那就是值得肯定和鼓励的,如果“合规”伤害了民众利益,那就是必须否定和摒弃的。概而言之,规矩是
Duringawar,manyofthenormalbasicrightsoftheindividualare______inthenationalinterest.
最新回复
(
0
)