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  3. Three striking facts highlight the dramatic shift in recent years in the relative economic balance of "first-world" and "third-w

Three striking facts highlight the dramatic shift in recent years in the relative economic balance of "first-world" and "third-w

admin2010-05-09  26
问题     Three striking facts highlight the dramatic shift in recent years in the relative economic balance of "first-world" and "third-world" economies. Last year, according to the estimates, emerging economies produced slightly more than half of world output measured at purchasing-power parity (等值). Second, they also accounted for more than half of the increase in global GDP in current-dollar terms. And third, perhaps most striking of all, the 32 biggest emerging economies, which we track weekly in The Economist and Economist.com, grew in both 2004 and 2005. Every previous year during the past three decades saw at least one country in recession--if not a deep crisis. Some economies will inevitably stumble over the coming years, but, thanks to sounder policies, most can look forward to rapid long-term growth. The young emerging economies have grown up in more ways than one.
    Such happenings are part of the biggest shift in economic strength since the emergence of the United States more than a century ago. As developing countries and the former Soviet block have embraced market-friendly economic reforms and opened their borders to trade and investment, more countries are industrializing than ever before--and more quickly. During their industrial revolutions America and Britain took 50 years to double their real incomes per head; today China is achieving that in a single decade. In an open world, it is much easier to catch up by adopting advanced countries’ technology than it is to be an economic leader that has to invent new technologies in order to keep growing. The shift in economic power towards emerging economies is therefore likely to continue. This is returning the world to the sort of state that endured throughout most of its history. People forget that, until the late 19th century, China and India were the world’s two biggest economies and today’s "emerging economies" accounted for the bulk of world production.
    Many bosses, workers and politicians in the rich world fear that the success of these newcomers will be at their own expense. But rich countries will gain more than they lose from the enrichment of others. Fears that the third world will steal rich-world output and jobs are based on the old fallacy that an increase in one country’s output must be at the expense of another’s. But more exports give developing countries more money to spend on imports--mainly from developed economies. Faster growth in poor countries is therefore more likely to increase the output of their richer counterparts than to reduce it. The emerging economies are helping to lift world GDP growth at the very time when the rich world’s ageing populations would otherwise cause growth to slow.
This passage mainly centers on ______.
选项 A、the dramatic shift of the world economic balance
B、the impact of the emerging economies of the "third-world"
C、China and India’s rapid economic development
D、rich countries’ gain and loss in recent world economies
答案A
解析 文章从一开始提到近几年来在经济平衡方面的二种醒目的事实，提出“第一世界”和“第三世界”经济的看法，指出新生经济正在迅速崛起。以后各段以中国和印度的经济发展、对世界未来经济的预测展开讨论，说明世界经济平衡的急剧变化，故选项A为正确答案。选项B显现的“第三世界”经济的冲击，选项C中国和印度的迅速经济的发展，选项D富有国家在近期世界经济中的成败，都不全面，不符合题意。
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