2. 外语
  3. A single status may have multiple roles attached to it, constituting a role set. Consider the status of a patient in a hospital.

A single status may have multiple roles attached to it, constituting a role set. Consider the status of a patient in a hospital.

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问题     A single status may have multiple roles attached to it, constituting a role set. Consider the status of a patient in a hospital. The status involves the sick role; another role as the peer of other patients; still another role as the "appreciative" receiver of the gifts and attention of friends and family members; one role as a consumer of newspapers, magazines, and other small items purchased from a hospital attendant; and a role as acquaintance of a number of friendly hospital personnel. Or consider your status as a family member. Your status includes a variety of roles, for example, parent and child, uncle, spouse, and cousin. Clearly, a role does not exist in a social vacuum; it is a bundle of activities that are connected with the activities of other people. For this reason there can be no professors without students, no husbands without wives, no whites without nonwhites, and no lawyers without clients.
    Roles affect us as sets of norms that define our duties the actions others can legitimately insist that we perform, and our right the actions we can legitimately insist that others perform. Every role has at least one reciprocal role attached to it; the rights of one role are the duties of the other role. As we have noted, we have a social niche for the sick. Sick people have rights our society says they do not have to function in usual ways until they get well. But sick people also have the duty to get well and "not enjoy themselves too much." The sick role also entails an appeal to another party the physician. The physician must perceive the patient as trying to get well this is the physician’s right and the patient’s duty. And the patient must see the doctor as sincere the patient’s right and the physician’s duty. It should come as no surprise that the quality of medical care falters when patient and physician role expectations break down.
    One way that people are linked in groups is through networks of reciprocal roles. Role relationships tie us to one another because the rights of one end of the relationship are the duties of the other. People experience these stable relationships as social structure a hospital, a college, a family, a gang, an army, and soon.
Which of the following may be one of the doctor’s duties?
选项 A、See to it that the patient gets well as soon as possible.
B、Make sure that the patient doesn’t enjoy himself too much.
C、Ask the patient to be cooperative in the treatment.
D、Perceive the patient as eager to get well.
答案A
解析 细节理解题。选项A的意思为：“负责病人尽快康复”，这里see to意为：“对……负责”、“保证”。B意为：“保证(确保)病人不过分自娱”。文章第二段第五句指出，病人也有相应的义务尽快康复并且“不要过分自娱”。当然，一方的义务就是另一方的权利(参考第二段第二句)，据此，B表达的是医生的权利。C意为：“治疗过程中要求病人持合作态度”；D意为：“将病人视作极力想康复的人”。根据文章第二段第七句得知这是医生的权利。
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