首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Global Language I. WHAT? Learned and spoken internationally 【T1】______:【T1】______ - the number of native and second lang
Global Language I. WHAT? Learned and spoken internationally 【T1】______:【T1】______ - the number of native and second lang
admin
2017-04-25
64
问题
Global Language
I. WHAT?
Learned and spoken internationally
【T1】______:【T1】______
- the number of native and second language speakers
-【T2】_____ distribution【T2】______
- the use in international organizations and in【T3】_____【T3】______
Lingua franca: spoken by those who wield power
e.g.【T4】_____ in the Roman Empire【T4】______
A global language
- the political power of its native speakers
- the economic power to maintain and expand its position
II. WHY?
The modern global village
Modern【T5】_____【T5】______
Globalized trade
【T6】_____【T6】______
The emergence of large international bodies
III. GOOD OR NOT?
Global language vs. minority languages
- A direct threat in areas where the global language
is the【T7】_____ language【T7】______
- Galvanize and strengthen movements to support and protect
minority languages e.g. Welsh in Wales,【T8】_____【T8】______
Natural speakers of the global language may be at an unfair advantage
over【T9】_____ speakers【T9】______
The exclusion of other languages may be a threat to
the ideas of【T10】_____【T10】______
Linguistic complacency
IV. ENGLISH?
The most widely spoken language in the fields of
a)business
b)academics
c)education
d)politics
e)science
f)【T11】_____, etc.【T11】______
- The UN
- 85% of international organizations: one of official languages
-【T12】_____ of international organizations: English only【T12】______
-【T13】_____ among Asian: English only【T13】______
Reasons
- Initiation: British【T14】_____ and industrial power【T14】______
between the 17th and 20th Centuries
- Consolidation: American dominance in economy and【T15】_____【T15】______
【T8】
Global Language
Good morning, everyone. Today, we are going to discuss the status of global language. Particularly, I will address four questions. What is a global language? Why is a global language needed? Is a global language necessarily a good thing? And is English a global language?
First of all, what is a global language? There is no official definition of "global" or "world" language, but it essentially refers to a language that is learned and spoken internationally,[1]and is characterized not only by the number of its native and second language speakers,[2]but also by its geographical distribution,[3]and its use in international organizations and in diplomatic relations. A global language acts as a lingua franca, a common language that enables people from diverse backgrounds and ethnicities to communicate on a more or less equitable basis. Historically, the essential factor for the establishment of a global language is that it is spoken by those who wield power.[4]Latin was the lingua franca of its time, although it was only ever a minority language within the Roman Empire as a whole. Crucially, though, it was the language of the powerful leaders and administrators and of the Roman military and this is what drove its rise to arguably global language status. Thus, language can be said to have no independent existence of its own, and a particular language only dominates when its speakers dominate and, by extension, fails when the people who speak it fail. History shows us that a language becomes a global language mainly due to the political power of its native speakers, and the economic power with which it is able to maintain and expand its position.
Secondly, why is a global language needed?[5]It is often argued that the modern global village needs a global language and that, particularly in a world of modern communications,[6]globalized trade and easy international travel, a single lingua franca has never been more important With the advent of large international bodies such as the United Nations and its various offshoots as well as collective organizations such as the Commonwealth and the European Union, the pressure to establish a worldwide lingua franca has never been greater. As just one example of why a lingua franca is useful, consider that up to one-third of the administration costs of the European Community are taken up by translations into the various member languages.
Thirdly, is a global language necessarily a good thing? While its advantages are self-evident, there are some legitimate concerns that a dominant global language could also have some built-in drawbacks. Among these may be the following:
Number one, there is a risk that the increased adoption of a global language may lead to the weakening and eventually the disappearance of some minority languages. It is estimated that up to 80% of the world’s 6,000 or so living languages may die out within the next century, and some commentators believe that a too-dominant global language may be a major contributing factor in this trend.[7]However, it seems likely that this is really only a direct threat in areas where the global language is the natural first language. Conversely, there is also some evidence that the very threat of subjugation by a dominant language can actually galvanize and strengthen movements to support[8]and protect minority languages e.g. Welsh in Wales, French in Canada
Number two,[9]there is concern that natural speakers of the global language may be at an unfair advantage over those who are operating in their second, or even third, language.
Number three,[10]the insistence on one language to the exclusion of others may also be seen as a threat to the ideas of multiculturalism.
Number four, another potential pitfall is linguistic complacency on the part of natural speakers of a global language, a laziness and arrogance resulting from the lack of motivation to learn other languages. Arguably, this can already be observed in many Britons and Americans.
Finally, is English a global language? As can be seen in more detail in the section on English today, on almost any basis, English is the nearest thing there has ever been to a global language. Its worldwide reach is much greater than anything achieved historically by Latin or French, and there has never been a language as widely spoken as English.[11]Many would reasonably claim that, in the fields of business, academics, science, computing, education, transportation, politics and entertainment, English is already established as the de facto lingua franca. The UN, the nearest thing we have, or have ever had, to a global community, currently uses five official languages: English, French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese, and an estimated 85% of international organizations have English as at least one of their official languages.[12]Even more starkly, though, about one third of international organizations use English only,[13]and this figure rises to almost 90% among Asian international organizations. As we have seen, a global language arises mainly due to the political and economic power of its native speakers.[14]It was British imperial and industrial power that sent English around the globe between the 17th and 20th Centuries. The legacy of British imperialism has left many countries with the language thoroughly institutionalized in their courts, parliament, civil service, schools and higher education establishments. In other countries, English provides a neutral means of communication between different ethnic groups.[15]But it has been largely American economic and cultural supremacy that has consolidated the position of the English language and continues to maintain it today. American dominance and influence worldwide makes English crucially important for developing international markets, especially in the areas of tourism and advertising, and mastery of English also provides access to scientific, technological and academic resources which would otherwise be denied developing countries.
OK. I have given you a brief account of the definition of global language, the necessity and drawbacks of having a global language and finally English status in the global communication. Next time, we shall examine the role of English plays in the cultural communication.
选项
答案
French in Canada.
解析
对占主导地位语言的挑战、威胁其实可以激发和增强人们支持和保护少数语言的运动,例如威尔士的威尔士语,加拿大的法语。因此本题填入French in Canada。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/zssK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Icebergtheoryisawritingprincipleproposedandcloselyfollowedby
AllofthefollowingsbelongtothreekindsoffunctionsoflanguagethatareputforwardbyHallidayEXCEPT
Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman
______wasthefirsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.
Howwasitpossible,Iaskedmyself,towalkforanhourthroughthewoodsandseenothingworthyofnote?Iwhocannotseefind
Theartofpleasingisaverynecessaryonetopossess;butaverydifficultonetoacquire.Itcanhardlybereducedtorules;
Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Today’scorporationshirehumanengineering
随机试题
经营者对消费者权益保护法的遵从属于【】
过去、现在与未来的连接点是
大剂量丙种球蛋白静脉注射治疗川崎病,以预防冠状动脉损害的用药时间及剂量是
下列关于儿童用药的特点,哪项说法是正确的()。
法律格言说:“不知自己之权利,即不知法律。”关于这句法律格言涵义的阐释,下列哪一选项是正确的?
甲房地产开发企业(以下简称甲企业)新建一普通商品住宅小区。小区在建期问就开始预售,完工后又以现房形式出售。在规定期间,甲企业经其商业伙伴推荐,未通过招投标,也未经有关部门批准,采用协议方式直接聘用乙物业服务企业负责该小区的物业管理。该行为违反了相关规定,甲
国际公认的外债警戒线比重值是(),如果低于它,则表明外债结构合理,反之则预示着存在外债风险。
党的十八大报告指出,党领导人民制定宪法和法律,党必须在宪法和法律范围内活动。任何组织或者个人都不得有超越宪法和法律的特权,绝不允许()。
下面属于软件设计阶段产生的文档是()。
设栈的顺序存储空间为S(1:m),初始状态为top=m+1。现经过一系列正常的入栈与退栈操作后,top=0,则栈中的元素个数为
最新回复
(
0
)