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  3. In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted aus

In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted aus

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问题     In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1930s.
    In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.
    President Hoover’s successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nation’s soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid grain, and fertilizers.
How to understand the word "austerity" in the first paragraph?
选项 A、Quality of being austere.
B、Condition, activity or practice that is part of an austere way of life.
C、Power to give orders and make others obey.
D、Expanding or becoming greater in size, number or importance.
答案B
解析 本题是细节题。一战后，欧洲农业逐步恢复，加上欧洲各国实行简约计划，因此，到20世纪20年代，欧洲对美国农产品的需求量开始下降。A意思是紧缩；C是一个干扰项，是对“authority”一词的解释；D正好是“austerity”的反义词。
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