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  3. Male chauvinism — the attitude that women are the passive and inferior servants of society and of men — sets women apart from th

Male chauvinism — the attitude that women are the passive and inferior servants of society and of men — sets women apart from th

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问题     Male chauvinism — the attitude that women are the passive and inferior servants of society and of men — sets women apart from the rest of the working class. Even when they do the same work as men, women are not considered workers in the same sense, with the need and right to work to provide for their families or to support themselves independently. They are expected to accept work at lower wages and without job security. Thus they can be used as a marginal or reserve labor force when profits depend on extra low costs or when men are needed for war.
    Women are not supposed to be independent, so they are not supposed to have any "right to work". This means, in effect, that although they do work, they are denied the right to organize and fight for better wages and conditions. Thus the role of women in the labor force undermines the struggles of male workers as well. The boss can break a union drive by threatening to hire lower paid women or blacks. In many cases, where women are organized, the union contract reinforces their inferior position, making women the least loyal and militant union members.(Standard Oil workers in San Francisco recently paid the price of male supremacy. Women at Standard Oil have the least chance for advancement and decent pay, and the union has done little to fight this. Not surprisingly, women formed the core of the back to work move that eventually broke the strike.)
    In general, because women are defined as docile, helpless, and inferior, they are forced into the most demeaning and mind rotting jobs — from scrubbing floors to filing cards — under the most oppressive conditions where they are treated like children or slaves. Their very position reinforces the idea, even among the women themselves, that they are fit for and should be satisfied with this kind of work.
    Apart from the direct, material exploitation of women, male supremacy acts in more subtle ways to undermine class consciousness. The tendency of male workers to think of themselves primarily as men(i.e., powerful)rather than as workers(i.e., members of an oppressed group)promotes a false sense of privilege and power, and an identification with the world of men, including the boss. The petty dictatorship which most men exercise over their wives and families enables them to vent their anger and frustration in a way which poses no challenge to the system. The role of the man in the family reinforces aggressive individualism, authoritarianism, and a hierarchical view of social relations — values which are fundamental to the perpetuation(不朽)of capitalism. In this system we are taught to relieve our fears and frustrations by brutalizing those weaker than we are: a man in uniform turns into a pig; the foreman intimidates the man on the line; the husband beats his wife, child, and dog.
The failure of the strike of Standard Oil workers shows that_____.
选项 A、when women are involved, strikes are bound to fail
B、passive women involvement in strikes makes success unlikely
C、women are not often firm enough in organized strikes
D、most women are loyal and militant members of work unions
答案B
解析 这是一道细节题。题干中的信号词为Standard Oil workers，出自于文章第二段最后括号里。文章第二段后半部分指出：工会的条约强化了女性的低下地位，使得女性成为工会中最不忠诚和最没有战斗力的工会成员：标准石油的女性获得升迁和加薪的机会最小，而工会对此没有采取什么措施；不足为奇的是，女性成为回去工作的员工的核心，这最终导致罢工失败。这说明，不忠诚和没有战斗力的女性成员参加的罢工不可能得到成功。B说“有消极的女性参与的罢工不太可能获得成功”，这与文章的意思符合。文中没有提到A和C；D与文章的意思相反。
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