2. 外语
  3. 水利工程(water conservancy project)是指旨在消除水害和开发利用水资源的工程。几千年来，勤劳、勇敢、智慧的中国人民同江河湖海进行了艰苦的斗争，修建了无数大大小小的水利工程，有效地促进了农业生产。同时，水文知识(hydrologica

水利工程(water conservancy project)是指旨在消除水害和开发利用水资源的工程。几千年来，勤劳、勇敢、智慧的中国人民同江河湖海进行了艰苦的斗争，修建了无数大大小小的水利工程，有效地促进了农业生产。同时，水文知识(hydrologica

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问题     水利工程(water conservancy project)是指旨在消除水害和开发利用水资源的工程。几千年来，勤劳、勇敢、智慧的中国人民同江河湖海进行了艰苦的斗争，修建了无数大大小小的水利工程，有效地促进了农业生产。同时，水文知识(hydrological knowledge)也得到了相应的发展。古代帝王们通常通过建设大型的水利工程来巩固他们的统治。中国古代有许多闻名世界的水利工程，例如京杭大运河(the Beijing-Hangzhou GrandCanal)和都江堰水利工程。这些工程不仅规模巨大，而且设计水平也很高，这说明当时人们掌握的水文知识已经相当丰富。
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答案Water conservancy project refers to the project aiming at eliminating water damage as well as exploring and utilizing water resources. For thousands of years, industrious, brave and intelligent Chinese people have fought bitterly against rivers, lakes and seas. They have constructed water conservancy projects of all sizes, effectively promoting the development of agriculture. Meanwhile, hydrological knowledge has also been developed correspondingly. Ancient emperors usually consolidated their reign by constructing large-scale water conservancy projects. There were many world-renowned water conservancy projects in ancient China, such as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System. Built in large size and with advanced design, these projects demonstrated that sufficient hydrological knowledge had been mastered at that time.
解析 1．第一句中的修饰成分“旨在消除水害和开发利用水资源的”较长，可将Water conservancy project refersto the project作为句子主干，把修饰语处理成现在分词结构作后置定语，译为aiming at eliminatingwater damage and utilizing water resources，放在the project之后。
2．第二句有三个短句，翻译时可拆分成两个句子。第一个短句“勤劳、勇敢、智慧的中国人民……斗争”独立成句，第二、三个短句联系较为紧密，则合并成一个句子，以“修建了无数大大小小的水利工程”为主干，“有效地促进了农业生产”处理成现在分词短语作状语，即effectively promoting the development of agriculture。
3．翻译“古代帝王们通常通过建设大型的水利工程来巩固他们的统治”时，“通过……”可使用by…，through…,via…等表达方式。
4．最后一句可将“这说明……相当丰富”作为句子主干，译为these projects demonstrated that…。“这些工程不仅规模巨大，而且设计水平也很高”可使用过去分词短语built in large size and with advanced design，放在句首。
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