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  3. For decades, biobanking has been held up as an essential research tool. While few doubt the scientific value of having catalogue

For decades, biobanking has been held up as an essential research tool. While few doubt the scientific value of having catalogue

admin2018-03-26  100
问题     For decades, biobanking has been held up as an essential research tool. While few doubt the scientific value of having catalogues of well-characterized tissues, cells, and other samples, these research platforms have also generated a significant amount of legal and moral controversy, especially in the context of consent and the control of research samples.
    Throughout the world, billions of public and private dollars have been invested in biobanks and millions of individuals have been asked to donate biological material and personal information. But, at the same time, there remains deep uncertainty about fundamental legal and moral norms.
    Legal scholars have argued that the most commonly used form of consent—that is, broad or open consent—does not adhere to relevant legal norms, which would seem to require a more comprehensive and specific approach to the consent process. Because the details of future work cannot be known, this approach means providing research participants with far less information than is traditionally disclosed (披露) in the case of specific consent.
    It is true that many studies have consistently found that, for the most part, the public supports biobanking initiatives and trusts the research community. But that support and trust are fragile. There are many social forces, such as the increasing involvement of industry in biobanking initiatives, which could erode public confidence. In addition, there are a number of social trends that may heighten public interest in the control of human biological material. Research ethics controversies can have a profound effect on public perceptions and consent policy.
    An emerging interest in biorights, though not widespread, could also challenge the existing approaches of biobanking. Indeed, areas such as genetics (遗传学) and stem cell research receive a great deal of positive coverage in the popular press, including reference to the economic potential of the work.
    Within the scientific community it has become widely accepted that biobanks are an indispensable research tool, essential for picking out complex gene-environment interactions. There is little doubt that biobanking is here to stay. But we need to recognize that despite decades of academic debate, fundamental legal and moral challenges remain.
What does the author think of biobanking?
选项 A、It is a vital research tool that researchers cannot do without.
B、Despite its significance, some problems still need to be solved.
C、It explores the functions of human genes and environment.
D、The controversy about biobanking will continue for a long time.
答案B
解析 推理判断题。定位句提到，毫无疑问，生物银行会延续下去；接着指出：但我们需要认识到，尽管进行了几十年的学术辩论，但基本的法律和道德挑战将会依然存在。再结合该段第一句可以判断，生物银行是重要的研究工具，但也存在某些方面的问题需要解决，故答案为B)。A)“它是重要的研究工具，研究人员离开它无法工作”，虽然首句提到在科学界内，生物银行是不可或缺的研究工具这个观念已被广泛接受，它对于弄明白复杂的基因一环境相互作用至关重要，但并未说它对所有研究人员都不可或缺，本项属于绝对项，故排除；C)“它研究人类基因和环境的功能”，文中只提到对于弄明白复杂的基因一环境相互作用至关重要，并没有提到功能问题，故排除；D)“关于生物银行的争论将持续很长时间”，由该段最后一句可知，文中只涉及争论已经持续的时间，并未对将来持续的时间进行预测，故排除。
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