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  3. Americans have a great love for informality and nowhere is this better expressed than in their love for nicknames．Upon greeting

Americans have a great love for informality and nowhere is this better expressed than in their love for nicknames．Upon greeting

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问题 Americans have a great love for informality and nowhere is this better expressed than in their love for nicknames．Upon greeting strangers for the first time they will quickly introduce themselves by their nickname．These are shortened forms of their given name at birth and reflect the casual relationships which exist among friends and coworkers．Family names are hardly ever used in daily situations and the use of one’s father’s last name is saved only for rare and formal occasions．In many traditional cultures the use of the family name is seen as a sign of respect．For Americans，however, it’s the nickname which creates an immediate intimacy between two people upon which to build a relationship．By speaking to another on a first name basis and using his nickname，walls are immediately torn down and equality between two people is established．
    Not only people but cities often carry．their own nicknames．Chicago is called the“Windy City”because of the strong winds which come down from Canada throughout the year．Philadelphia is well-known as the“City of Brotherly Love”．St．Louis with its Gateway Arch is called“The Gateway to the West”，and New York City is considered the“Big Apple”for reasons which are still obscure to most people including many New Yorkers．Other cities are merely abbreviations for the sake of convenience．Washington is simply called D．C．and Los Angeles is L．A．
    Not every：nickname, however,is a complement and sonic can be downright rude and insulting．If someone should demonstrate a certain negative characteristic，a label will soon be attached to describe that person in a non-flattering way．Likewise a person’s physical traits which are very dominant may lead to nicknames but not necessarily to one’s liking or choice．A nickname，therefore，is a way of endearing，identifying，alienating or describing someone or something for better or worse．  
What is probably the best title of the passage?
选项 A、Nicknames and Their Histories
B、Reasons to Choose Nicknames
C、Cities and Their Nicknames
D、America as a Nation of Nicknames
答案D
解析 文章首段介绍了美国人与别人交往时喜欢用自己的昵称，以拉近同对方的关系。第二段介绍了美国某些城市的昵称及其原因。最后一段阐述了昵称所带来的不全是好处，还可能导致一些问题。因此，D项“美国——一个昵称国家”符合题意，为正确答案。文中并未讲述昵称的历史，可排除A项。B、C项均以偏概全．应排除。
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