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  3. While grandparents and other relatives have long played the role of caregiver in many American families, that role has grown mor

While grandparents and other relatives have long played the role of caregiver in many American families, that role has grown mor

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问题     While grandparents and other relatives have long played the role of caregiver in many American families, that role has grown more pronounced among the working and middle classes since the Great Recession. Long, irregular working hours for young parents, coupled with the rising costs of professional child care, also transformed grandparents from occasional baby-sitters into a critical safety net for parents with young children. According to a study from Berlin, Germany, grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare or provide support to others in their community tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people.
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答案 尽管在许多美国家庭中，祖父母和其他亲属照管孩子的传统由来已久，但自大萧条以来，这种现象在工人阶级和中产阶级中愈加明显。此外，由于年轻父母工作时间长且不规律，再加上专业儿童保育成本上升，所以对他们来说，祖父母已不再是孩子的临时保姆，而是年轻父母的坚强后盾。德国柏林的一项研究显示，那些偶尔帮忙照顾孩子或在社区中为他人提供帮助的祖父母比那些对他人漠不关心的老人寿命更长。
解析     have long played中的副词long表达时间很久的含义，使用四字词语“由来已久”不仅能体现这层含义，也能体现句中完成时态的意义，包含了从过去到现在的时间跨度；played the role of caregiver表面意思是“担任照料者的角色”，其中caregiver是“照料者，看护者”的意思，通过上下文可知，这里的照管和看护对象是家中的孩子，翻译时需将这一具体信息补充出来，译为“照管孩子”；后半句中的that role has grown more pronounced意为“祖父母和其他亲属担任孩子照料者的角色更加明显”，但这样直译显然和前文内容重复且造成一定的行文不畅，所以将“祖父母和其他亲属担任孩子照料者的角色”，这一信息概括为“这种现象”。
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