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  3. What is Poetry? Every truth which a human being can enunciate, every thought, even every outward impression, which can enter

What is Poetry? Every truth which a human being can enunciate, every thought, even every outward impression, which can enter

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问题     What is Poetry?
    Every truth which a human being can enunciate, every thought, even every outward impression, which can enter into his consciousness, may become poetry, when shown through any impassioned medium; when invested with the coloring of joy, or grief, or pity, or affection, or admiration, or reverence, or awe, or even hatred or terror; and, unless so colored, nothing, be it as interesting as it may, is poetry. Eloquence, as well as poetry, is impassioned truth; eloquence, as well as poetry, is thoughts colored by the feelings. A question will sometimes arise, whether some particular author is a poet; and those who maintain the negative commonly allow that, though not a poet, he is a highly eloquent writer.
    Poetry and eloquence are both alike the expression or utterance of feeling; but, if we may be excused the antithesis, we should say that eloquence is heard; poetry is overheard. Eloquence supposes an audience. The peculiarity of poetry appears to us to lie in the poet’s utter unconsciousness of a listener. Poetry is feeling confessing itself to itself in moments of solitude, and embodying itself in symbols which are the nearest possible representations of the feeling in the exact shape in which it exists in the poet’s mind. Eloquence is feeling pouring itself out to other minds, courting their sympathy, or endeavoring to influence their belief, or move them to passion or to action.
    Poetry is the natural fruit of solitude and meditation; eloquence, of intercourse with the world. The persons who have most feeling of their own, if intellectual culture has given them a language in which to express it, have the highest faculty of poetry: those who best understand the feelings of others are the most eloquent. The persons and the nations who commonly excel in poetry are those whose character and tastes render them least dependent upon the applause or sympathy or concurrence of the world in general. Those to whom that applause, that sympathy, that concurrence, are most necessary, generally excel most in eloquence.
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答案 什么是诗歌? 人类可以阐明的每一个真理，每一个想法，甚至每一个可以进入他意识的外在印象，都可以通过任何慷慨激昂的媒介显示出来，成为诗歌；当被赋予喜悦、悲伤、怜悯、感情、羡慕、尊敬、敬畏、甚至仇恨或恐惧等色彩时；除非它是如此多彩并尽可能有趣，否则它就不是诗歌。雄辩和诗歌，是充满激情的真相；也是充满感情色彩的思想。不管一些作者是不是诗人，都会出现这样的问题；并且那些保持消极的人通常认为，即便不是诗人，他也应该是个能言善辩的作家。 诗歌和雄辩都是情感的表达；但是，如果我们可以放弃它们的对立面，我们可以说雄辩是听到的；诗歌是感觉到的。雄辩有听众。诗歌的独特性在于诗人完全丧失了听者意识。诗歌是情感在孤居时刻的自我忏悔，并体现在符号中，这些符号正好是与诗人思想中存在着的那种情感最贴近的表现形式。雄辩是向其他人倾诉自己，吸引他们的同情，或试图影响他们的信仰，或让他们产生感情或做出行动。 诗歌是独处和冥想的天然成果；雄辩，则是与世界的交流的成果。最有感情的人，如果知识文化赋予了他们一种表达语言的能力，那么他就拥有最高的诗歌能力：最能理解他人情感的人，是最善雄辩的人。普遍擅长诗歌的人和国家是那些性格和品味上最不依赖于世界的掌声、同情或一致性的。那些最需要掌声、同情、赞同的人，是最擅长雄辩的人。
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