首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Mexican Mural Art P1: The first major modern art movement in Latin America was Mexican muralism, which featured large-scale wall
Mexican Mural Art P1: The first major modern art movement in Latin America was Mexican muralism, which featured large-scale wall
admin
2018-10-18
28
问题
Mexican Mural Art
P1: The first major modern art movement in Latin America was Mexican muralism, which featured large-scale wall paintings on civic buildings. After the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), the land was finally in the hands of its own workers, but there was so much to be done: the new government sought to establish a brand new Mexican society, founded on its rich traditions but very much forward-looking. Since most of the population was illiterate, an effective way to change that would be through the creation of visual messages that would not only appeal aesthetically, but that would also promote certain political and social ideals, including the struggle for social justice. This in turn had been accompanied by a desire for authentic forms of self-expression and freedom from cultural dependency. Muralism flourished in Mexico in the years immediately following the Mexican Revolution as a result of a unique combination of circumstances: a climate of revolutionary optimism and cultural experimentation that challenged traditional Eurocentrism; a small but strong group of relatively mature artists of energy, ideas, and ability; and a visionary minister of education, Jose Vasconcelos. Vasconcelos commissioned works of public art, allocated the funds and granted permission for artists to use public buildings for murals to affirm the values of the revolution.
P2: One of the most persistent themes of Latin American art in the last 80 years has been an engagement with issues. Mexican muralism is representational and often narrative in form, but it should be recognized as a modern movement; it was certainly modernizing in intent, in that it challenged the old order—culturally, socially, and politically. Although these sentiments have taken many different forms in many difficult cultures, Mexican muralism was the first, and its influence was the most far-reaching.
P3: The muralist movement was not a unified force, however. Out of a host of Mexican artists, three emerged as its most devoted, celebrated, and prolific, to the extent that they came to be referred to as "the three greats." These artists all differed in their style of painting and their outlook on life. Diego Rivera (1886-1957), inspired by Mexico’s bright colors, sought to promote a pluralistic vision of Mexican society by drawing on the rich heritage of the pre-Columbian past (before Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas in 1492). He incorporated much of European Modernism in his work, particularly elements of Cubism, which he later toned down on in an effort to recreate the flair of indigenous murals. He was deeply influenced by native pictographic traditions of communication in which pictures represent written words and ideas, and he sought to develop a modern equivalent, a visual language that could be read like a book. The art of Jose Clemente Orozco (1883-1949) was less optimistic: in the manner of a dark prophet, he emphasized human suffering and cruelty, leaving nothing unsaid when it came to the horrors of the Mexican Revolution, in which he fought. He offers no comforting narratives and his expressive, aggressive technique serves as a metaphor for Mexico’s harsh, contradictory reality. His murals were often defaced and even threatened with whitewashing by the government for their explicitly straight-forward content, and he himself was proclaimed "sick" by a number of art critics. David Alfaro Siqueiros (1898-1976) was the most politically active of the three and was an internationalist both ideologically and artistically. In his art he deliberately avoided traditional materials and methods, preferring to experiment with modern industrial paints and spray tools. His works looked forward to a fully socialist future where the workers would have won the right to the benefits of the modern industrial era. His art evoked progress, yet also the kind of political vision that was not well-received by the authorities in Mexico, or the United States - which is why today most of his murals can be found in South America.
P4: The Mexican muralist movement is undoubtedly one of the most important manifestations of twentieth-century Mexican culture. Its ideas also found their way to other parts of the Americas, like Guatemala, Ecuador and Brazil. The influence of the Mexicans on the modern Spanish painter Picasso’s first mural and almost his only major explicitly propagandist work of art—his famous Guernica of 1937—is unmistakable even though the artist would have denied it. Mexican muralists also served as an inspiration for the Works Progress Administration program introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s, whose 1933 Public Works of Art Project saw 3600 artists create murals and sculptures for public buildings across the United States. Although their depictions weren’t political, the intention to make art public and accessible to all remained the same.
P4: ■ The Mexican muralist movement is undoubtedly one of the most important manifestations of twentieth-century Mexican culture. ■ Its ideas also found their way to other parts of the Americas, like Guatemala, Ecuador and Brazil. ■ The influence of the Mexicans on the modern Spanish painter Picasso’s first mural and almost his only major explicitly propagandist work of art—his famous Guernica of 1937—is unmistakable even though the artist would have denied it. ■ Mexican muralists also served as an inspiration for the Works Progress Administration program introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s, whose 1933 Public Works of Art Project saw 3,600 artists create murals and sculptures for public buildings across the United States. Although their depictions weren’t political, the intention to make art public and accessible to all remained the same.
Paragraph 3 makes all of the following points about artist Diego Rivera EXCEPT:
选项
A、He used elements of pre-Columbian art to help make a new, modern art.
B、He tried to develop a visual language that communicated as clearly as native pictographs had.
C、He used art to express his ideas of what Mexican society should be like.
D、He tried but failed to unify the muralist movement.
答案
D
解析
【否定事实信息题】选项A、B、C都能在文中找到依据,而D在文中未提及,因此答案为D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/hffO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Writethecorrectletter,A-F,nexttoquestions21-26.AVideoResourceCentreBReadingRoomCFoodServiceCentreDPeriodic
Writethecorrectletter,A-F,nexttoquestions21-26.AVideoResourceCentreBReadingRoomCFoodServiceCentreDPeriodic
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.PlanningapresentationonnanotechnologyRussandhistutoragreethathisapproachint
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.PlanningapresentationonnanotechnologyRusssaysthathisdifficultyinplanningthep
Whatdideachpersonsaywastheprincipalcauseofstressforthem?ChooseFOURanswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrectlett
Whatdideachpersonsaywastheprincipalcauseofstressforthem?ChooseFOURanswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrectlett
Whatdideachpersonsaywastheprincipalcauseofstressforthem?ChooseFOURanswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrectlett
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.ExampleMIDDLEBURYLANGUAGESCHOOLCLASS
Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,orC.WhywasJeninvitedtotheprofessor’spersonalproject?
LaughterThenatureoflaughterlaughterisa【L31】________process—involvesmovementandsounditiscontrolledbyour【
随机试题
狭义的信用风险是()的风险。
“大学生”与“共产党员”这两个概念之间是()关系。
下列我国基础设施建设任务完成于2020年6月的有()。①昆阳路越江大桥主桥顺利合龙②藏木雅鲁藏布江双线特大桥合龙③张北柔性直流电网试验示范工程投运④银西铁路跨董志塬区域上阁村隧道贯通
简述正式组织的特征。
白扁豆的功效是
男,60岁,急性胸痛发作2小时就诊。面色苍白,出汗,血压110/90mmHg,脉搏78次/分,心音正常。心电图示ST段抬高。怀疑心肌梗死,首次进行生化检查时,应优先选择的检查指标是
属于第二代口服剂型头孢的药物是()。
一般纳税企业购入农产品作为原材料,支付买价200000元,另发生装卸费8000元,挑选整理费9000元。该农产品的实际采购成本为()元。
TheFederalTradeCommissionpushedforwardapplicationdeveloperstotakestepstoprotectconsumerprivacy.【B1】______,manyc
Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosuper-systems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutm
最新回复
(
0
)