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  3. Excerpt 1: American employers cut back sharply on hiring last month, crushing hopes that the job market was improving and pu

Excerpt 1: American employers cut back sharply on hiring last month, crushing hopes that the job market was improving and pu

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问题    Excerpt 1:
   American employers cut back sharply on hiring last month, crushing hopes that the job market was improving and putting more pressure on the Federal Reserve to give the sluggish economy another push.
   The Labor Department said Friday that employers added just 96, 000 jobs in August, down from 141, 000 in July and too few to keep up with population growth. The unemployment rate fell to 8. 1 percent from 8. 3 percent, but only because many people gave up looking for work and therefore weren’t counted in the government’s calculation.
   Excerpt 2:
   The percentage of Americans in the workforce dropped to its lowest level in 31 years.
   The latest numbers were " downright dismal," TD Economics senior economist James Marple said in a description echoed by many others.
   The economy remains hobbled in the aftermath of the deepest recession since the 1930s and simply isn’t expanding fast enough to spark more hiring.
   Consumers, whose spending accounts for more than two-thirds of economic activity, have been cutting down debts and spending cautiously. The government reported last week that economic growth clocked a disappointing 1. 7 percent annual pace in the April-June quarter.
   Excerpt 3:
   The disappointing numbers are a blow to President Barack Obama’s reelection campaign. Unemployment is down from a peak of 10 percent in October 2009, but no incumbent (现任的) president since Franklin D. Roosevelt has faced re-election with unemployment higher than 7. 8 percent.
   Republican presidential challenger Mitt Romney declared that " the weak jobs report is devastating news for American workers and American families ... a harsh accusation of the president’s handling of the economy. "
   Obama said August’s hiring was "not good enough" and that it’s "a long tough journey" to recover from the recession that officially ended more than three years ago.
   Excerpt 4:
   The job market got off to a strong start this year. Employers added an average 226, 000 jobs a month from January through March. But they couldn’t sustain that pace, and hiring slowed to a monthly average of 67, 000 from April through June.
   It looked like things got back on track in July, when the government initially reported 163, 000 new jobs, but the Labor Department revised those gains down by 22, 000 on Friday.
   The August jobs report looks even uglier upon closer inspection. The unemployment rate fell because 368, 000 Americans dropped out of the workforce.
   Excerpt 5:
   "A declining labor force is not (a) sign of an improving economy," says Joel Naroff, president of Naroff Economic Advisors.
   Hourly pay fell. Manufacturers cut 15,000 jobs, the most in two years. And temporary help jobs, which often signal where the job market is headed, dropped by 4, 900 in August.
   The economy lost 7, 000 more government jobs last month. Since the recession ended in June 2009, federal, state and local governments have slashed 670, 000 jobs, partially offsetting hiring by private companies.
What is the common topic covered by all the excerpts?
选项 A、The annual pace of economic growth.
B、Consumers’ cautious spending.
C、A significant decline in hiring.
D、Economic recession and recovery.
答案C
解析     主旨题。可套用公式：主旨≠文章某一部分的内容，以及文章的主旨≠文中的某一细节，利用排除法做题。A、B选项只是Excerpt 2中涉及的内容；而D选项尽管在多个摘录中都提到了，但是Excerpt 4却未曾提及。只有C选项才是每个摘录都涉及的内容，也是全篇的主旨，尽管每个摘录中用的词不尽相同。各个摘录中表达就业率下降的语句如下：Excerpt 1中的American employers cut back sharply on hiring last month：Excerpt 2中的The percentage of Americans in the workforce dropped to its lowest level in 31 years；Excerpt 3中的The disappointing numbers以及the weak jobs report和August’s hiring was“not good enough”；Excerpt 4中的hiring slowed to a monthly average of 67，000 from April through June以及The August jobs report looks even uglier upon closer inspection；Excerpt 5中的Manufacturers cut 15，000 jobs，the most in two years以及The economy lost 7，000 more government jobs last month等。
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