首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Philosophy of Logical Analysis Modern physics and physiology throw a new light upon the ancient problem of perception. If there
Philosophy of Logical Analysis Modern physics and physiology throw a new light upon the ancient problem of perception. If there
admin
2013-08-12
44
问题
Philosophy of Logical Analysis
Modern physics and physiology throw a new light upon the ancient problem of perception. If there is to be anything that can be called "perception", it must be in some degree an effect of the object perceived, and it must more or less resemble the object if it is to be a source of knowledge of the object. The first requisite can only be fulfilled if there are causal chains which are, to a greater or lesser extent, independent of the rest of the world. According to physics, this is the case.
Modern analytical empiricism differs from that of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume by its incorporation of mathematics and its development of a powerful logical technique. It is thus able, in regard to certain problems, to achieve definite answers, which have the quality of science rather than philosophy.
It has the advantage, as compared with the philosophies of system-builders, of being able to tackle its problems one at a time, instead of having to invent at one stroke a block theory of the whole universe. Its methods, in this respect, resemble those of science.
There remains, however, a vast field, traditionally included in philosophy, where scientific methods are inadequate. This field includes ultimate questions of value; science alone, for example, cannot prove that it is bad to enjoy the infliction cruelty. Whatever can be known, can be known by means of science; but things which are legitimately matters of feeling lie outside its province.
Philosophy, throughout its history, has consisted of two parts inharmoniously blended: on the one hand, a theory as to the nature of the world, on the other hand, an ethical or political doctrine as to the best way of living.(A)
The failure to separate these two with sufficient clarity has been a source of much confused thinking.(B)
Philosophers, from Plato to William James, have allowed their opinions as to the constitution of the universe to be influenced by the desire for
edification
: knowing, as they supposed, what beliefs would make men virtuous, they have invented arguments, often very sophisticated, to prove that these beliefs are true.(C)
Morally, a philosopher who uses his professional competence for anything except a disinterested search for truth is guilty of a kind of treachery. And when he assumes, in advance of inquiry, that certain beliefs, whether true or false, are such as to promote good behavior, he is so limiting the scope of philosophical speculation as to make philosophy trivial; the true philosopher is prepared to examine all preconceptions.(D)
When any limits are placed, consciously or unconsciously, upon the pursuit of truth, philosophy becomes
paralyzed
by fear, and the ground is prepared for a government censorship punishing those who utter "dangerous thoughts" —in fact, the philosopher has already placed such a censorship over his own investigations.
Intellectually, the effect of mistaken moral considerations upon philosophy has been to impede progress to an extraordinary extent. I do not myself believe that philosophy can either prove or disapprove the truth of religious dogmas, but ever since Plato most philosophers have considered it part of their business to produce "proofs" of immortality and the existence of God. They have found fault with the proofs of their predecessors—Saint Thomas rejected Saint Anselm’s proofs, and Kant rejected Descartes’ but they have supplied new ones of their own. In order to make their proofs seem valid, they have had to falsify logic, to make mathematics mystical, and to pretend that deep-seated prejudices were heaven-sent intuitions.
All this is rejected by the philosophers who make logical analysis the main business of philosophy. They confess frankly that the human intellect is of profound importance to mankind, but they refuse to believe that there is some "higher" way of knowing, by which we can discover truths hidden from science and the intellect. For this renunciation, they have been rewarded by the discovery that many questions, formerly obscured by the fog of metaphysics, can be answered with precision, and by objective methods which introduce nothing of the philosophers’ temperament except the desire to understand. Take such questions as: What is a number? What are space and time? What is mind, and what is matter? I do not say that we can here and now give definite answers to all these ancient questions, but I do say that a method has been discovered by which, as in science, we can make successive approximations to the truth.
According to the passage, moral consideration makes it possible for a philosopher to______.
选项
A、examine all preconceptions
B、search for philosophical truth
C、limit scope of speculation
D、promote good behavior
答案
C
解析
本题为事实信息题,主要考查考生抓住文章中阐明的信息、细节和事实的能力。题目问:根据文章的阐述,道德的考虑使得哲学家能够做什么?由第四段的句子“he is so limitingthe scope of philosophical speculation as to make philosophy trivial”可知,出于道德的考虑,他因此而限制哲学推测的范围,使得哲学变得微不足道。因此选项C是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/t6fO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Thelecturersaysthatanessayislike______toaspecificquestion.Useinterviewstogatherinformation.
Thelecturersaysthatanessayislike______toaspecificquestion.【36】
Completethesummarybelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.Primarily,Pealewasapainterbuthewasalsoapoliti
Completethemapbelow.WriteNOMORETHANONEWORDforeachanswer.
Questions13-15WhichTHREEofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?Writetheappropriatelettersonyouranswersheetinanyorde
SECTION1Questions1-10Questions1-6Completetheformbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSorANUMBERforeachanswer.E
WhichTWOofthefollowingcanyougetadviceaboutfromtheUnion?(A)immigration(B)grants(C)medicalproblems(D)personalpro
Whatiscurrentlythemainareaofworkofeachofthefollowingpeople?ChooseFIVEanswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrect
Whatiscurrentlythemainareaofworkofeachofthefollowingpeople?ChooseFIVEanswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrect
ChooseTWOletters,A-E.WhichTWOproblemsdoesSamidentifyconcerningthelecturers?APunctuality.BOrganisation.CAcce
随机试题
厨房液化气灶在每日厨房生产结束时应完成的工序是________。
以下说法,_______是不正确的。
房室传导阻滞发展到二度或三度时宜用
A.便色黄或暗绿,有腥臭味B.便次较多,发育不受影响C.黏液脓血便,常伴有发热D.血便或呈“赤豆汤样”便E.便泡沫多,含黏液,豆渣样侵袭性细菌性肠炎
【背景资料】某市政供热管道工程,供回水温度为95℃/70℃,主体采用直埋,管线经过公共绿地和A公司场院,A公司院内建筑密集,空间狭窄。供热管线局部需穿越道路,道路下面敷设有多种管道,项目部拟在道路两侧各设置1个工作坑,采用人工挖土顶管施
某公司十年来一直只生产空调,产品质量较好,经营状况良好。2011年该公司与某空调元器件企业并购,拟生产三种不同型号的空调产品,销路好、销路一般、销路差的概率分别为0.3、0.5、0.2。有四个备选方案,每个方案的投资额、经营期限和收益值如下表所示:根据
企业购买生产要素所引起的成本称之为()。
耀州窑代表着______艺术的最高成就。耀州窑遗址位于______漆水河两岸,宋代有“十里窑场”之称。
世界上第一台计算机诞生于哪一年?
A、时尚小孩B、时尚老奶奶C、时尚老太太D、时尚老头儿D录音末尾提到“村里的人都称爷爷为‘时尚老头儿’”,所以选D。
最新回复
(
0
)