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  3. We’ve known for a long time a high-fat diet, obesity and lack of exercise can increase the risk of developing heart disease and

We’ve known for a long time a high-fat diet, obesity and lack of exercise can increase the risk of developing heart disease and

admin2015-03-25  22
问题     We’ve known for a long time a high-fat diet, obesity and lack of exercise can increase the risk of developing heart disease and type II diabetes, two conditions affecting millions of Americans. What we are finding out now is those same lifestyle factors also play an important role in cancer. That’s the bad news. The good news is you can do something about your lifestyle. If we grew thinner, exercised regularly, avoided diets rich in red meat and ate diets rich in fruits and vegetables, and stopped using tobacco, we would prevent 70 percent of all cancers.
    The strongest evidence of the importance of lifestyle in cancer is most common cancers arise at dramatically different rates in different parts of the globe. Several cancers that are extremely common in the United States—colon, prostate and breast cancer—are relatively rare in other parts of the world, occurring only l/10th or l/20th as often. Equally striking, when people migrate from other parts of the world to the United States, within a generation their cancer rates approach those of us whose families have lived in this country for a long time. Even if people in other parts of the world stay put, but adopt a U.S. lifestyle, their risk of cancer rises; as Japanese have embraced Western habits, their rates of colon, breast and prostate cancer have skyrocketed.
    What is it about our lifestyle that raises the risk of many types of cancer? The main culprits seem to be the Western diet, obesity and physical inactivity. While we’ve known about the importance of tobacco and cancer for more than 50 years, we are just beginning to understand how diet, a healthy body weight and regular exercise can protect us against cancer.
    A striking example of the profound influence of diet was reported last summer in The Journal of the American Medical Association. Doctors determined the eating habits of patients with colon cancer in the years following surgical removal of the cancer. Over the next five years, those who ate a traditional Western diet had a threefold greater likelihood of developing a recurrence of the disease than did those who ate a " prudent" diet rich in fruits and vegetables and including only small amounts of red meat. How had diet affected these patients? The surgery clearly had not removed all their colon-cancer cells: prior to the surgery, some cells had already spread from the primary tumor. The Western diet had somehow stimulated the growth of these small deposits of residual cancer cells.
    Obesity is the second most important factor in causing cancer in Western populations after tobacco. There is evidence that maintaining a healthy weight is protective against the disease. A study by the American Cancer Society in 2003 found the heaviest people, in comparison with the leanest, had a significantly increased risk of death from 10 different kinds of cancer in men, and 12 different kinds in women. The most extreme examples were liver cancer in men and uterine cancer in women.
Which of the following statement is true as to Paragraph 5?
选项 A、Tobacco is the most important factor in causing cancer in Western populations.
B、Scientists predict that the heaviest people are more likely to die of cancers.
C、The heaviest men are likely to die of more kinds of cancers than the heaviest women.
D、According to a study, the heaviest people are most likely to die of liver cancer.
答案A
解析 事实细节题。根据题干定位至第五段。[A]符合该段第一句的含义：继烟草之后，肥胖是导致西方人患癌的第二大重要因素，是正确答案。[B]中的科学家预测与原文中有实验证明相左，故排除；根据原文，最胖的男性常死于10种癌症，而最胖的女性常死于12种癌症，即最胖的女性死于更多的癌症，所以[C]不正确；[D]与最后一段第三句中的“最胖的男性最常见的是死于肝癌而女性死于子宫癌”不符。
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