2. 外语
  3. The liberal view of democratic citizenship that developed in the 17th and 18th centuries was fundamentally different from that o

The liberal view of democratic citizenship that developed in the 17th and 18th centuries was fundamentally different from that o

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问题    The liberal view of democratic citizenship that developed in the 17th and 18th centuries was fundamentally different from that of the classical Greeks. The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligations and involvement in the collective community that were emphasized by the Greeks. Freedom was to be realized by limiting the scope of governmental activity and political obligation and not through immersion in the collective life of the polls. The basic role of the citizen was to select governmental leaders and keep the powers and scope of public authority in check. On the liberal view, the rights of citizens against the state were the focus of special emphasis.
   Over time, the liberal democratic notion of citizenship developed in two directions. First, there was a movement to increase the proportion of members of society who were eligible to participate as citizens--especially through extending the right of suffrage--and to ensure the basic political equality of all. Second, there was a broadening of the legitimate activities of government and a use of governmental power to redress imbalances in social and economic life. Political citizenship became an instrument through which groups and classes with sufficient numbers of votes could use the state power to enhance their social and economic well-being.
   Within the general liberal view of democratic citizenship, tensions have developed over the degree to which government can and should be used as an instrument for promoting happiness and well-being. Political philosopher Martin Diamond has categorized two views of democracy as follows. On the one hand, there is the "libertarian" perspective that stresses the private pursuit of happiness and emphasizes the "task of the government to uplift and aid the common man against the malefactors of great wealth." The tensions between these two views are very evident today. Taxpayer revolts and calls for smaller government and less government regulation clash with demands for greater government involvement in the economic marketplace and the social sphere.
The author cites Martin Diamond because the author ______.
选项 A、regards Martin Diamond as an authority on political philosophy
B、wishes to refute Martin Diamond’s views on citizenship
C、needs a definition of the term "citizenship"
D、is unfamiliar with the distinction between libertarian and majoritarian concepts of democracy
答案A
解析 这是一道逻辑推理题。作者在文中提到厂自由主义有两个派别，列举了一个政治哲学家的观点作为威来支持作者本人的论点，这正是A所表达的含义。B的内容与事实不符。本文并非驳斥Diamond的观点，因此是错的。C的内容是说Diamond给citizenship下了定义，这也与文章的内容不一致，所以错了。最后，D说作者因为不了解libertarian及majoritarian观点的区分，所以想让Diamond来说清楚，这也与事实不符，Diamond在文中仅作了分类而已。
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