首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb" to t
It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb" to t
admin
2010-09-06
61
问题
It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb" to think". Indeed, me writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined the saying, "In thinking the soul is talking to itself"; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited speech located in the minute movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.
Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skilful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with running language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all one’s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say.
At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they axe merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal activities going on just out of range. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading. Words do play their part but they are rarely the only feature of thought. This observation is supported by the experiments of the Wurzburg psychologists reported in Chapter Eight who showed that intelligent adaptive responses can occur in problem solving situations without the use of either words or images of any kind; ",Set" and "determining tendencies" operate without the actual use of language in helping us to think purposefully and intelligently.
Again the Study of speech disorders due to brain injury or disease suggest that patients can think without having adequate control over their language, some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draughts playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Yet animals such as Kohler’s chimpanzees can solve problems by working out strategies such as the invention of implements or Climbing aids when such animals have not language beyond a few warning cries. Intelligent or "insightful" behavior is not dependent in the case of monkeys on language skills: presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.
选项
A、talking to the soul
B、suppressed speech
C、speaking nonverbally
D、nonlinguistic behavior
答案
B
解析
细节题。题意为"根据J. B. Watson提出的关于思考的理论,思考是什么?"。与原文中"inhibited(内向的,受压制的)意思最相近的就是suppressed(被抑制的)所以答案选项为正确。另外要注意:选项"与灵魂的对话"是Plato的观点。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/0BZ4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
WhatisthedifferencebetweenJoeSix-Pack,JoethePlumberandJoeBiden?Oneisvicepresident;theothertwoarenot.Why?T
Nearlyallcultureshaveaversionofthearrowoftime,aprocessbywhichtheymovetowardsthefutureandawayfromthepast.
Nearlyallcultureshaveaversionofthearrowoftime,aprocessbywhichtheymovetowardsthefutureandawayfromthepast.
A.MakearrangementbeforeyoupursueB.WatchyourbodylanguageatajobinterviewC.Putyourintervieweratease
Onedifficultyintranslationliesinobtainingaconceptmatch.______thisismeantthataconceptinonelanguageislostor
Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif______.Somepeopledon’topenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecaus
Theword"curious"(Line1,Paragraph1)mostprobablyimpliesthat______Bytheprocessofappointment,whichofthefollowin
Generallyspeaking,aBritishiswidelyregardedasaquiet,shyandconservativepersonwhois(1)_____onlyamongthosewithw
Generallyspeaking,aBritishiswidelyregardedasaquiet,shyandconservativepersonwhois(1)_____onlyamongthosewithw
随机试题
属于律师论辩特征的是
把下面的句子翻译成现代汉语:知不可乎骤得,托遗响于悲风。
患者发热40℃,伴有寒战,咳嗽,咳大量脓臭痰并带有少量血丝,X线胸片显示右肺中下有大片炎症影内有透光区,下列关于这一疾病的说法,哪项是正确的
某公司年终发生10万元支出作为投资者的利润分配给投资者。根据企业会计准则及其相关规定,这笔支出属于()。
在市场风险内部模型法框架下,市场风险分为()。
我国社会主义初级阶段的主要矛盾是()。
为帮助学生掌握较难动作而采取的技术结构与所学身体练习相似的动作的练习是()练习。
根据下图回答下面问题
如果两个实体之间的联系是M:N,则在转换成关系模型时,______引入第三个交叉关系。
文君是新世界数码技术有限公司的人事专员,十一过后,公司招聘了一批新员工,需要对他们进行入职培训。人事助理已经制作了一份演示文稿的素材“新员工入职培训.pptx”,请打开该文档进行美化,要求如下:通过幻灯片母版为每张幻灯片增加利用艺术字制作的水印效果,水
最新回复
(
0
)