首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Engineering for sustainable development The Greenhouse Project (Himalayan mountain region) Problem Short growing season bec
Engineering for sustainable development The Greenhouse Project (Himalayan mountain region) Problem Short growing season bec
admin
2022-09-09
34
问题
Engineering for sustainable development
The Greenhouse Project (Himalayan mountain region)
Problem
Short growing season because of high altitude and low【L31】________
Fresh vegetables imported by lorry or by【L32】________, so are expensive
Need to use sunlight to prevent local plants from【L33】________Previous programmes to provide greenhouses were【L34】________
New greenhouse
Meets criteria for sustainability
Simple and【L35】________to build
Made mainly from local materials (mud or stone for the walls, wood and【L36】________for the roof)
Building and maintenance done by local craftsmen Relies solely on【L37】________energy
Only families who have a suitable【L38】________can own one
Design
Long side faces south
Strong polythene cover
Inner【L39】________are painted black or white
Social benefits
Owners’ status is improved
Rural【L40】________have greater opportunities
More children are educated
【L40】
Good afternoon. This is the first of a series of lectures I’ll be giving about engineering for sustainable development. I’ll be presenting examples of engineering projects from a variety of contexts, and today I’m going to talk about a project to design a new kind of greenhouse for use in the Himalayan mountain regions.
First of all, I’ll tell you about the problem which was the context for this project. In the Himalayan mountains, fresh vegetables and other crops can only be grown outside for about ninety days, during the summer, because the altitude of the region is around 3500 metres, and
because the rainfall is so low
. In winter, temperatures fall below minus 25 degrees Celsius, so fresh vegetables have to be imported. They arrive by truck in summer or
by air in winter
, which makes them expensive. Local people rely on dried leafy vegetables and stored root crops during the winter, and rarely eat fresh vegetables.
But despite the sub-zero temperatures, the skies over the region are cloudless, and there are over three hundred sunny days per year. So an engineering solution was needed, to exploit the sun’s energy and
protect locally produced plants from freezing during winter
. And in fact,
there has been programmes in the past to provide greenhouses, but these were unsuccessful
. The greenhouses weren’t adapted for local conditions, so they tended to fall into disuse.
So, a few years ago, a project was initiated to design a better greenhouse, one which would meet the criteria for sustainability.
So, what are the criteria for sustainability? Well, first of all, the new greenhouse is designed to be relatively simple,
so construction is cheap
. Locally available materials are used wherever possible. The walls are generally constructed of mud bricks, made locally, although in areas of high snow-fall more resilient walls of stone are needed. Rammed earth is also used. The main roof is generally made from locally available poplar wood,
with water-resistant local grass for the covering
. In addition, the construction and maintenance of the greenhouse are done by local craftsmen. So local stone masons are employed to build the greenhouse walls, and specialised training is provided for them wherever necessary.
Then...
the greenhouse is designed to run on solar power alone
, there’s no supplementary heating. And lastly, families are selected to own one of the new greenhouses with great care.
They have to have a site which is suitable for constructing it on
. They also have to be keen to make a success of using it, and also to share the produce with the wider community through sale or barter. Potential owners are taken to see existing greenhouses before they make a final decision about having one.
So, those are the features which make the project sustainable. And now I’ll briefly describe the design of the greenhouse. The greenhouses are orientated very carefully along an East-West axis so that there’s a long south-facing side. The transparent cover on the south-facing side is made from a heavy-duty polythene, which should last for at least five years.
On the inside of the greenhouse, the walls are painted
— the rear and west-facing walls are black, to improve heat absorption, but the east-facing wall is white to reflect the morning sunlight onto the crops inside. Finally, there’s a door in the wall at one end, and vents are incorporated into the roof, the door and the wall at the other end, to enable control of humidity and prevent overheating.
I’ll turn now to the benefits which have resulted from the introduction of these new greenhouses. These benefits are of various kinds, but for now I’ll just mention the social benefits.
First of all, people who own a greenhouse gain social standing in their communities, because they provide vegetables for the wider community, for regular consumption as well as for festivals, and they also earn income. Secondly,
because in rural areas it is women who usually grow the food, the greenhouses have increased their opportunities
. They bring the benefits of improved nutrition, and increased family income, from the sale of surplus produce. And thirdly, as a result of their improved financial position, some families can now afford to educate their children for the first time.
选项
答案
women
解析
本题询问农村的什么人或物有更多的机会,推测应填入一个名词。录音原文中指出,因为在农村地区(in rural areas),通常是女性种植食物,因此温室的建造增加了她们的机会(increased their opportunities)。录音中的in rural areas是题目Rural的同义表述,increased their opportunities是have greater opportunities的同义表述,故空格处填入women。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/0BnD777K
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
有以下程序#include<stdio.h>#defineN4voidfun(inta[][N]){inti;for(i=0;i<N;i++)a[0][i]=a[N-1][N-1-i];}
有以下程序#include<stdio.h>main(){charc;for(;(c=getchar())!=’#’;)putchar(++c);}执行时如输入为:abcdefg##<回车>,则输出结果是
在进行逻辑设计时,将E-R图中实体之间联系转换为关系数据库的
软件测试的目的是()。
下面有关纯虚函数的表述中正确的是()。
在考生文件夹下有一个数据文件“Acc2.mdb”,其中已经设计好3个关联表对象“tStud”、“tCourse”、“tScore”和一个临时表“tTemp”及一个窗体“fTmp”。请按以下要求完成设计:(1)创建一个查询,查找并显示没有运动爱好学生的“学
Interlocutor:Now,I’dlikeeachofyoutotalkonyourownforaboutaminute.I’mgoingtogiveeachofyoutwodifferentphot
WhatproblemdoesMs.Reedmention?
MuseumworkplacementIfstudentsareillorgoingtobelate,theymustinform
Teamworkplaysanimportantpartinourdailylifeandwork,butsometimesproblemswillarisewhenweareteamingup.Istillr
随机试题
A醛固酮分泌增多B血浆晶体渗透压升高C血浆胶体渗透压降低D肾素分泌减少EADH分泌减少循环血量减少使
下列器官或组织中,不受激素影响的是
男,38岁,右下胸撞伤6小时,伤后感上腹部疼痛,头晕。查:BP90/70mmag,P110次/分,面色苍白,右腹部压痛、反跳痛、肌紧张较明显。X线透视示肝阴影扩大、右膈抬高。首先应考虑的诊断是
广泛用于原材料、构配件的进货检验和分项工程、分部工程、单位工程完工后的检验方法是()。
组织脚手架检查与验收的是项目()。
某学校只允许学生参加一个社团,如果甲学生是A社团的成员,则其不可能是B社团的成员。与上述语句的推理逻辑一致的是()。
中国农业发展银行某支行拟建一座办公楼,于2013年1月某日在网站公开发布招标公告。某建筑工程有限公司和其他5家建筑公司相继投标。农发行招标活动评标委员会评标后宣布确认中标人为其他5家中的1家建筑公司。该建筑工程公司以农发行既未公开发布招标信息,亦未严格依照
将传统节日纳入国家法定节日,体现的是对中国传统文化的尊重和回归。中国传统文化是我们精神家园的重要组成部分。但是这些年来,一些“洋节”越来越成为时尚,传统节日反倒有被人们(特别是青年人)淡忘的趋势。下列不符合文意的一项是()。
(2014上集管)项目建议书是项目可行性研究的依据。______一般不属于项目建议书的内容。
A、 B、 C、 D、 B
最新回复
(
0
)