首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If asked, "What are health decisions?", most of us would answer in terms of hospitals, doctors and pills. Yet we are all making
If asked, "What are health decisions?", most of us would answer in terms of hospitals, doctors and pills. Yet we are all making
admin
2011-01-05
42
问题
If asked, "What are health decisions?", most of us would answer in terms of hospitals, doctors and pills. Yet we are all making a whole range of decisions about our health which go beyond this limited area; for example, whether or not to smoke, exercise, drive a motorbike, or drink alcohol really. The ways we reach decisions and form attitudes about our health are only just beginning to be understood.
The main paradox is why people consistently do things which are known to be very hazardous. Two good examples of this are smoking and not wearing seat belts. Both these examples underline elements of how people reach decisions about their health. Understanding this process is crucial. We can then more effectively change public attitudes to hazardous, voluntary activities like smoking.
Smokers run double the risk of contracting heart disease, several times the risk of suffering from chronic bronchitis and at least 25 times the risk of lung cancer, as compared to non-smokers. Despite extensive press campaigns ( especially in the past 20 years) , which have regularly told smokers and car drivers the grave risks they are running, the number of smokers and seat belt wearers has remained much the same. Although the number of deaths from road accidents and smoking are well publicised, they have aroused little public interest.
If we give smokers the real figures, will it alter their views on the dangers of smoking? Unfortunately not. Many of the "real figures" are in the form of probabilistic estimates, and evidence shows that people are very bad at processing and understanding this kind of information.
The kind of information that tends to be relied on both by the smoker and seat belt non-wearer is anecdotal, based on personal experiences. All smokers seem to have an Uncle Bill or an Auntie Mabel who has been smoking cigarettes since they were twelve, lived to 90, and died because they fell down the stairs. And if they don’t have such an aunt or uncle, they are certain to have heard of someone who has. Similarly, many motorists seem to have heard of people who would have been killed if they had been wearing seat belts.
Reliance on this kind of evidence and not being able to cope with "probabilistic" data form the two main foundation stones of people’s assessment of risk. A third is reliance on press-publicised dangers and causes of death. American psychologists have shown that people overestimate the frequency (and therefore the danger) of the dramatic causes of death (like aeroplane crashes)and underestimate the undramatic, unpublicised killers (like smoking) which actually take a greater toll of life.
What is needed is some way of changing people’s evaluations of and attitudes to the risks of certain activities like smoking. What can be done? The "national" approach of giving people the "facts and figures" seems ineffective. But the evidence shows that when people are frightened, they are more likely to change their estimates of the dangers involved in smoking or not wearing seat belts. Press and television can do this very cost-effectively. Programmes like Dying for a Fag (a Thames TV programme) vividly showed the health hazards of smoking and may have increased the chances of people stopping smoking permanently.
So a mass-media approach may work. But it needs to be carefully controlled. Overall, the new awareness of the problem of health decisions and behaviour is at least a more hopeful sign for the future.
For answers 51-55, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
The mass-media can help people change their view of smoking and not wearing seat belts.
选项
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案
Y
解析
倒数第二段第五句“Press and television can do this very cost-effectively”,可知此题陈述正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/0K8K777K
本试题收录于:
A类竞赛(研究生)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
A类竞赛(研究生)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
Severalguestswerewaitinginthe______forthefrontdoortoopen.
NEWYORKMay26,(Reuters)—AttorneyDennisKeniganjustspentaweekrisingatdaybreaktoanswere-mailsandfieldconferencec
NEWYORKMay26,(Reuters)—AttorneyDennisKeniganjustspentaweekrisingatdaybreaktoanswere-mailsandfieldconferencec
NEWYORKMay26,(Reuters)—AttorneyDennisKeniganjustspentaweekrisingatdaybreaktoanswere-mailsandfieldconferencec
WriteareportonwintersportsinChinainabout120wordsontheanswersheet.WARMINGUPParticipationinjunioricehockeyl
Doctorsoftentellpatientstotakeacertainkindofmedicineinorderto【D1】______anillness.Forexample,apatientmaynee
Doctorsoftentellpatientstotakeacertainkindofmedicineinorderto【D1】______anillness.Forexample,apatientmaynee
SeveralresearchgroupsintheUnitedStatesareconductinggeneticresearchaimedatretardingaging.Ifthebreakthroughsofr
随机试题
关于我国涉外民事诉讼代理问题,下列说法错误的是()
决定社会经济制度性质的是【】
患者男性,头部外伤后2小时入院,伤后曾昏迷约30分钟。入院查体:意识清楚,GCS评分:10分,头顶有一头皮血肿约3cm×3cm,头皮无明显裂伤。左侧外耳道可见稀薄血性液体流出。CT:左颞可见一线形骨折,左额颞可见一薄层硬膜下血肿,左颞点、片状高密度,颅内可
患者李某,女性,17岁。半年来因学习紧张,思想压力较大,晚上经常难以入睡,或多梦易醒,伴心悸健忘,四肢倦怠,饮食乏味,面色少华,舌质淡,脉细弱。其治疗应首选的方剂是
审判长在法庭审理过程中突发心脏病,无法继续参与审判,需在庭外另行指派其他审判人员参加审判。法院院长的下列哪一做法是正确的?(2011—卷二—32,单)
防排烟系统中,排烟风管的隔热层应采用厚度不小于()的不燃绝热材料。
()类贷款不属于不良贷款。
某外国投资者拟在中国境内出资设立一家外商独资企业。根据涉外投资法律制度的规定,下列各项中,可以作为该外国投资者出资方式的有()。
激励的目的是追求利润的最大化和建立一个具有凝聚力的团队来吸引并留下优秀的人才。但包容与信任作为一个并不深刻的激励手段,为什么往往被人们所忽视呢?这种现象很大程度上是人们对人性的曲解,美其名日人是贪婪的、自私的。因此,更多的人往往不愿往更深处去开采、去挖掘。
A、HeisTracieHiggins’sboyfriend.B、Heisabadboy.C、HebecomesverywelcomebywomenwithTrade’shelp.D、Heisalwayspopu
最新回复
(
0
)