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  3. "I believe in equality for everyone, except reporters and photographers," Mahatma Gandhi once said. Journalist-haters like him m

"I believe in equality for everyone, except reporters and photographers," Mahatma Gandhi once said. Journalist-haters like him m

admin2022-10-05  45
问题     "I believe in equality for everyone, except reporters and photographers," Mahatma Gandhi once said. Journalist-haters like him might not care about the agony of America’s news firms, but many Americans do. Nearly a third of them say they have abandoned a news source because they thought the quality of its information was declining.
    According to "The State of the News Media 2013", a report by the Project for Excellence in Journalism at the Pew Research Centre, the deteriorating financial state of news organizations has hurt their output. Newspaper staffs have shrunk by around 30％ since their peak in 1989, and newspapers collectively now employ fewer than 40,000 full-time professionals, the lowest number since the mid-1970s.
    Americans who think media firms are putting out fewer original, thoughtful stories are probably right. Weather, traffic and sport now account for around 40％ of local television newscasts. The average length of a story keeps falling. Only 20％ of local TV stories exceed a minute, and half take less than 30 seconds.
    On cable-news channels, live reports, which require camera crews and journalists actually to show up somewhere, have fallen by a third in daytime programs in the past five years. Interview segments, which are cheap, have risen. Americans may also prefer talking heads because they increasingly prefer to hear opinion rather than fact. This trend is highlighted by the popularity of Fox, a conservative news network, and of MSNBC, its left-leaning counterpart. CNN, which tends to toe the middle line, continues to struggle with its ratings unless there is a big news event.
    Where is the good news? Last year local TV stations, especially those in swing states like Florida and Ohio, got a welcome boost from the $3 billion spent on TV advertising during the election. And newspapers are now starting in large numbers to demand payment for their digital content. Pew reckons that around a third of America’s 1,380 dailies have started (or will soon launch) paywalls, inspired by the success of the New York Times, where 640,000 subscribers get the digital edition and circulation now accounts for a larger portion of revenues than advertising.
    Boosting circulation revenue will help stem losses from print advertising, since it has become clear that digital advertising will not be enough. For every $16 lost in print advertising last year, newspapers made only around $1 from digital ads. The bulk of the $37.3 billion spent on digital advertising in 2012 went to five firms: Google, Yahoo, Facebook, Microsoft and AOL. Not much Gandhian equality there.
According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of cable-news channels?
选项 A、Live reports have fallen to a third during the past 5 years.
B、Talking programs are popular since they deliver opinions.
C、CNN wins the highest ratings when a big event takes place.
D、Fox and MSNBC present opposite political standpoints at any news.
答案B
解析 第四段比较了两种节目类型：现场直播新闻和采访类节目。其中第三句讲到谈话类节目受到欢迎，因为人们更愿意听到观点，而非事实(prefer to hear opinion)，故B项正确。A项在细节性数据上混淆，第四段第一句讲到现场类节目在过去5年减少了三分之一，而不是减少到原来的三分之一，注意介词by和to与fallen搭配所表达的不同语义。C项过于绝对，第四段最后一句讲到CNN在政治观点上走中间路线，在收视率上一直挣扎，除非是有大事件发生，这表明在有重大事件发生的时候CNN的收视率会好转，但是否最高无从得知，故C项可排除。D项也过于绝对，该段第四句讲到Fox偏保守，而MSNBC则是左翼的媒体，但这并不表示两台在所有新闻上都持相反的观点，例如在一些无关政治的新闻上，因而D项错误。
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