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  3. The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and h

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and h

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问题     The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anaesthetic. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery—cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
    In the early years of this century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been devised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.
    The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in this century. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example, to certain types of birth defects in newborn babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life-saving operations for the octogenarian (80岁至89岁之间的人).
    Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include the replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic; the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as the lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
What are some of the more astonishing innovations in modern surgery?
选项 A、Ears, nose and throat transplants.
B、Valves plastic hearts.
C、Plastic heart valves.
D、Leg transplants.
答案C
解析 本题为综合推理题。文中第四段第一句说：“在现代外科手术中，许多发明是几乎难以置信的。”结合此段第二句中的内容：“……用塑料材料替代的心脏瓣膜……”，故C“塑料心脏瓣膜”符合题意。解答综合推理题的要领是：将细节的东西与主题思想结合在一起进行推理。本题就是将第二句中提出的细节(塑料心脏瓣膜)结合本段的主题句(第一句)推断出答案的。
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