首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
While it’s widely accepted that drinking too much is bad for you, conventional wisdom — and the government’s dietary guidelines
While it’s widely accepted that drinking too much is bad for you, conventional wisdom — and the government’s dietary guidelines
admin
2020-08-26
13
问题
While it’s widely accepted that drinking too much is bad for you, conventional wisdom — and the government’s dietary guidelines — say that alcohol can be consumed in moderation. The US government defines that as one drink a day for women and two for men. This study, published in the BMJ on Tuesday, finds that drinking around these levels — 8 to 12 drinks a week — is associated with a few measures of cognitive decline that showed up on brain scans.
Researchers brought 550 Londoners to Oxford and ran them through an MRI machine. But these weren’t just any Londoners — they were government employees who, about every five years since 1985, had been filling out surveys about their health regimens, including how much alcohol they consumed. This enabled the researchers to look for relationships between the individuals’ drinking habits and what showed up on their brain scans.
The researchers found that moderate drinking over those 30-plus years was associated with degeneration and shrinking of the hippocampus, a region of the brain involved in memory and navigation, and degeneration of the brain’s white matter. Consuming one more alcoholic drink per week was associated with a 0.01 percent decrease in the size of the hippocampus. For comparison, aging one year is associated with a 0.02 percent decrease.
The study only looked at a few hundred Londoners, mostly well-educated and middle-class, so it may not be representative of a wider population. Topiwala, a psychiatry professor at the University of Oxford, pointed out there might have been "selection bias" in the sample — individuals had to get from London to Oxford in order to undergo the MRI scans and then spend an hour in a brain scanning machine and undergo other memory tests — which individuals who were alcohol dependent or had suffered brain damage from alcohol use might be less likely to do.
In an accompanying editorial, Killian Welch, a neuropsychiatrist at a hospital in Scotland, wrote that the study might change what we think constitutes a healthy level of drinking. "The findings strengthen the argument that drinking habits many regard as normal have adverse consequences for health," Welch wrote. "This is important. We all use rationalizations to justify persistence with behaviors not in our long-term interest. With the publication of this paper, justification of ’ moderate’ drinking on the grounds of brain health becomes a little harder."
The study is questioned, because_________.
选项
A、the subjects are under stress when taking MRI
B、the sampling process is not scientific enough
C、the memory tests are not from authoritative sources
D、the alcoholics are likely to suffer brain damage
答案
B
解析
本题是细节题,要求考生理解第四段人们对实验过程提出的质疑,即牛津大学精神病学教授指出样本中可能存在“选择偏见”。关键点:there might have been “selection bias” in the sample。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/0PTO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7~8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16—17hours’wakefulnessandthatthe
InproposingAsuchphilanthropicdonations,thedirectorofthecompanycertainlyspokeBfromagenuineconcernCfortheneedya
Ithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleep______is100percentfataltorats,yet,uponexaminationofthedeadbodies,theanimals
Thereislittlelearninginvolvedwhenoneisreprimandedtwoorthreemonthsafterthedeed.
Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamin
Writea250-wordcompositionaboutyourpointofviewonOnlineSharingCulture.Yourcompositionistoinclude3paragraph
Forsomeonewhoselifehasbeenshattered,HiroshiShimizuisremarkablycalm.InacrampedTokyolawoffice,thesubdued,bitte
Ifbookshadneverbeendiscovered,manwouldhavefoundsomeotherwayofrecordinghiscommunication.Butthen,forourconsid
Theteachergavethestudentsextraworkbecauseshewas______byallthenoiseandtalkingintheclassroom.
Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,"Allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeople
随机试题
用万用表欧姆挡测一个二极管的正反向电阻,如测得正反向电阻都是零,则表示管子已()。
为安全输血,目前提倡
以下对颈内静脉的描述,哪项是正确的
患者,女,以“血栓性脉管炎”被收治入院,医生让其多做伯格运动,否则有截肢的危险:患者心神不宁,经常无故发怒,与家人争吵,对医护不满。对患者心理护理,主要减轻患者的
某工业项目生产工艺较为复杂,且安装工程投资约占项目总投资的70%。该项目业主对承包方式有倾向性意见,在招标文件中对技术标的评标标准特设“承包方式”一项指标,并规定:若由安装专业公司和土建专业公司组成联合体招标,得10分;若由安装专业公司总包,土建专业公司分
下列关于诚实守信的说法,不正确的是()。
纳税人自产的应税消费品用于换取生产资料的,计算征收消费税的计税依据为()。
天蓝得像水洗过一般。雪白的云朵静静地__________在空中。大川道里,连片的玉米绿毡似的一直铺到西面的老牛山下。川道两边的大山挡住了视线,更远的天边__________着一层淡蓝色的雾霭。川道上下的几个村庄,全都__________在枣树的绿荫中,很少
法律的生命力在于()。
ARM指令完成的功能是如果清除R7中的bit0,1,5位,正确的指令是()。
最新回复
(
0
)