首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Why Minority Students Don’t Graduate from College [A]Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bow
Why Minority Students Don’t Graduate from College [A]Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bow
admin
2018-04-07
52
问题
Why Minority Students Don’t Graduate from College
[A]Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin’s efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the school has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students(blacks, Latinos(拉丁美洲人), and Native Americans, about 30 percent of the U.S population)in entering freshman classes from 8 percent to 13 percent. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While nine out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only seven out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes.
[B]The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25-to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55-to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show that more and more poor and nonwhite students are eager to graduate from college—but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college-graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.
[C]The problem is noticeable at public universities. In 2007, the University of Wisconsin-Madison—one of the top five or so "public Ivies"—graduated 81 percent of its white students within six years, but only 56 percent of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally—but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15 percent of African-Americans did so as well.
[D]Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby Colby College logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. "Higher education has been able to get around this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student," says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. "If they fail, it’s their fault." Some critics blame affirmative action—students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at top schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are "undermatched": they could get into better, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill—knowing full well that the students won’t make it. "Colleges know that a lot of kids they take will end up in remedial classes, for which they’ll get no college credit and then they’ll be dismissed," says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust. "The school gets to keep the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end."
[E]A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. University administrators insist that most of those hikes are matched by increased scholarship grants or loans, but the recession has decreased private endowments(捐助)and cut into state spending on higher education. In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university equaled 28 percent of median family income, while a four-year private university cost 76 percent of median family income. More and more scholarships are based on scores, not need. Poorer students are not always the best-informed consumers. Often they end up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.
[F]There once was a time when universities took an unreasonable pride in their drop-out rates. Professors would begin the year by saying, "Look to the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year." But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust to the faster pace of a university classroom, and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified.
[G]State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them a head start on college-level courses. The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and nonwhite students as early as the seventh grade, using new tools like hip-hop competitions to identify kids with sophisticated verbal(语言的)means. Such programs can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.
[H]With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Virginia. Its student body is less than 5 percent black and less than 2 percent Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90 percent of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63 percent by 2007. "We went through a dramatic shift," says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring(师徒制)of minorities by other students and "partnering" with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the school graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.
The recession’s impact on higher education is that universities receive fewer contributions from individuals.
选项
答案
E
解析
根据题目中的recession一词可定位到E段第3句。该句提到经济危机使得私人捐资减少,题目是对此意的同义改写,故本题出自E段。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/0da7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Millionsofteenagersareindangerofputtingtheirhealthatriskbygettinghookedone-cigarettes,expertswarn.Leadinghea
Millionsofteenagersareindangerofputtingtheirhealthatriskbygettinghookedone-cigarettes,expertswarn.Leadinghea
Foryears,highschoolstudentshavereceivedidenticaltextbooksastheirclassmates.Evenasstudentshavedifferentlearning
A、Aninventionmadebyarchitectsandengineers.B、Anewdevicegatheringinformationaboutbuildings.C、Anintroductionofath
Workerswithskillsinscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics(STEM)areamongthemostindemandandhighestpaid.The
InonlytwodecadesAsianAmericanshavebecomethefastest-growingU.S.minority.Astheirchildrenbeganmovingupthroughthe
Costly—sometimesabusive—creditcardsarebleedingmillionsofborrowerswhodidn’tknowwhattheyweregettinginto.Thebo
Costly—sometimesabusive—creditcardsarebleedingmillionsofborrowerswhodidn’tknowwhattheyweregettinginto.Thebo
Costly—sometimesabusive—creditcardsarebleedingmillionsofborrowerswhodidn’tknowwhattheyweregettinginto.Thebo
随机试题
在没有道路中心线的道路上,前车遇后车发出超车信号时,应当______。
张某,男,62岁。近来极易汗出,恶风,劳动后尤甚,体倦乏力,周身酸楚,舌苔薄白,脉细弱。其治法是
男婴,胎龄33周,生后5小时出现进行性呼吸困难、青紫和呼吸衰竭,动脉血PaO24.66kPa(35mmHg),PaCO29.98kPa(75mmHg),SaO270%,此病的发生与下列哪项关系最为密切
五输穴中以所行为
申请护士执业注册者,之前必须先得到
[案情] 2002年9月21日上午10点,张三家修缮房屋,李四应张三的邀请来张三家帮助做杂事。张三先安排李四朝房顶上泥,后又安排李四做饭。李四进入伙房时,一根水泥房梁断裂下落,砸在李四身上,致其右尺桡骨双骨折和右腿腓骨双骨折,住入医院治疗50天,花医疗
甲公司是一家有限责任公司,注册资本为l亿元。截至2017年12月,公司净资产额8000万元。公司其他有关情况如下:(1)甲公司曾于2016年8月成功发行3年期公司债券1000万元,2年期公司债券500万元。(2)2018年3月10日,甲公司召开董事会,
Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,aCzechwriter,
[*]
太阳醒过来了,披上红妆,在东山之巅冉冉升起。她容光焕发,笑容可掬,向人们问候晨安。快活的百灵一向早起,在枝条间婆娑起舞,向太阳娇嘀婉转,唱着颂歌。向日葵戴着亮闪闪的露珠点缀的花冠,争先恐后地迎着朝阳盛开。一群群多情的蜜蜂,哼着轻快的恋歌,飞入绿丛之中与可心
最新回复
(
0
)