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  3. A number of ethical questions cluster around both ends of the human life span. Whether abortion is morally justifiable has popul

A number of ethical questions cluster around both ends of the human life span. Whether abortion is morally justifiable has popul

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问题     A number of ethical questions cluster around both ends of the human life span. Whether abortion is morally justifiable has popularly been seen as depending on our answer to the question " When does a human life begin?" Many philosophers believe this to be the wrong question to ask because it suggests that there might be a factual answer that we can somehow discover through advances in science.【F1】Instead, these philosophers think we need to ask what it is that makes killing a human being wrong and then consider whether these characteristics, whatever they might be, apply to the fetus in an abortion. There is no generally agreed upon answer, yet some philosophers have presented surprisingly strong arguments to the effect that not only the fetus but even the newborn infant has the right to life.
    Such views have been hotly contested, especially by those who claim that all human life, irrespective of its characteristics, must be regarded as sacrosanct. The task for those who defend the sanctity of human life is to explain why human life, no matter what its characteristics, is specially worthy of protection.【F2】Explanation could no doubt be provided in terms of such traditional Christian doctrines as that all humans are made in the image of God or that all humans have an immortal soul. In the current debate , however, the opponents of abortion have eschewed religious arguments of this kind without finding a convincing secular alternative.
    Somewhat similar issues are raised by euthanasia when it is nonvoluntary, as for example, in the case of severely disabled newborn babies.【F3】Euthanasia, however, can be voluntary, and this has brought it support from some who hold that the state should not interfere with the free, informed choices of its citizens in matters that do not cause others harm.【F4】Opposition to voluntary euthanasia has centered on practical matters such as the difficulty of adequate safeguards and on the argument that it would lead to a "slippery slope" that would take us to nonvoluntary euthanasia and eventually to the compulsory involuntary killing of those the state considers to be socially undesirable.
     【F5】Philosophers have also canvassed the moral significance of the distinction between killing and allowing to die, which is reflected in the fact that many physicians will allow a patient with an incurable condition to die when life could still be prolonged, but they will not take active steps to end the patient’s life.
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答案基督教的传统教义无疑可以提供一些对此问题的解释，诸如人都是按照上帝的形象创造人都有不朽的灵魂。
解析 整个句子首先使用被动态对句子进行强调。而正常的语序可以改写为：Such traditionaldoctrines as that…could no doubt provide explanation．然而，由such…as引导的连词宾语从句也是翻译的难点，在此应该翻译为“诸如"表示举例事物。such…as复合连词后面可跟连词宾语，由that引导的宾语从句。
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