首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Navigation Acts of Colonial America P1: Throughout the colonial period, after the middle of the seventeenth century, the one gre
Navigation Acts of Colonial America P1: Throughout the colonial period, after the middle of the seventeenth century, the one gre
admin
2018-10-18
100
问题
Navigation Acts of Colonial America
P1: Throughout the colonial period, after the middle of the seventeenth century, the one great source of irritation between the mother country and her colonies was found in a number of laws, called the Navigation Acts. For example, the Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663 forbade the importing into or the exporting from the British colonies of any goods except in English or colonial ships and it forbade certain enumerated articles— tobacco, sugar, cotton, wool, dyeing woods, etc.—to be shipped to any country, except to England or an English plantation. Similarly, the Molasses Act of 1733 placed a prohibitive duty—sixpence per gallon—on the importation of sugar from non-English colonies, forcing the American rum distillers to buy more costly sugar from the British West Indies. This act was intended less to raise revenue than to serve as a protective tariff that would benefit British West Indian sugar producers at the expense of their French rivals.
P2: The British Parliament enacted such mechanisms as protectionist trade barriers,governmental regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries for the purpose of augmenting British finances at the expense of colonial territories and other European imperial powers. But these policies ensured Great Britain’s rise as Europe’s foremost shipping nation, and in one respect greatly stimulated American industry, laying the foundations for an American shipbuilding industry and merchant marine. The shipbuilding industry in the colonies first came as an outgrowth of the British industry and then as its own entity. The swift expansion of colonial shipping in turn accelerated urbanization by creating a need for centralized docks, warehouses, and repair shops in the colonies. By 1770, Philadelphia and New York City had emerged as two of the British Empire’s busiest ports.
P3: In addition to restrictions on the trade between colonies and non-English parties, England also specified certain products that could be sold only to British merchants. Included in the list of enumerated goods were products most generally considered to England’s wealth and power: sugar, tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, and later furs and iron. Parliament never restricted grain, livestock, fish, lumber, or rum, which altogether made up 60 percent of American colonial exports. The Act further reduced the burden on exporters of tobacco and rice—the chief mainland commodities affected—with two significant concessions. First, Parliament gave tobacco growers a monopoly over the British market by excluding foreign tobacco,even though this hurt British consumers as rice planters enjoyed a natural monopoly because they had no competitors. Second, by refunding the duties on all tobacco and rice that the colonists later shipped to other countries, Parliament minimized the added cost of land used for tobacco and rice in Britain, where customs officials collected duties on both.
P4: Another impact the navigation system had on the colonies was to encourage economic diversification. Parliament used British tax revenues to pay modest incentives to Anglo-Americans producing such items as silk, iron, dyes, hemp, and lumber, and it imposed protective tariffs on items from other commercial rivals. The trade laws did in large-scale prohibit Anglo-Americans from competing with British manufacturing for certain products, most notably clothing. However, colonial tailors, hatters, and other small clothes manufacturers could continue to make any item of dress in their households or small shops. Manufactured by low-paid labor, British clothing imports generally undersold whatever the colonists could have produced and exported.
P5: The Navigation Acts succeeded in making the colonies a protected market for low-priced exports from Britain. Steady overseas demand for colonial products spawned a prosperity that enabled colonists to consume ever larger amounts of goods—not only clothing, but dishware, home furnishings, tea, and a range of other items both produced in Britain and imported by British and colonial merchants from elsewhere. Consequently, the share of British exports sold to the colonies rapidly increased, which made Britain itself the wealthiest nation in Europe and the Atlantic world while resulting in a "consumer revolution" in British America.
P3: In addition to restrictions on the trade between colonies and non-English parties, England also specified certain products that could be sold only to British merchants. Included in the list of enumerated goods were products most generally considered to England’s wealth and power: sugar, tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, and later furs and iron. ■ Parliament never restricted grain, livestock, fish, lumber, or rum, which altogether made up 60 percent of American colonial exports. ■ The Act further reduced the burden on exporters of tobacco and rice—the chief mainland commodities affected—with two significant concessions. ■ First, Parliament gave tobacco growers a monopoly over the British market by excluding foreign tobacco, even though this hurt British consumers as rice planters enjoyed a natural monopoly because they had no competitors. Second, by refunding the duties on all tobacco and rice that the colonists later shipped to other countries, Parliament minimized the added cost of land used for tobacco and rice in Britain, where customs officials collected duties on both. ■
According to paragraph 2, the Navigation Acts had all of the following effects on the northern colonies in North America EXCEPT:
选项
A、The region’s economic dependence on Britain declined.
B、The region’s ports became increasingly busy.
C、Shipbuilding and related industries grew in strength.
D、Ownership of vessels by merchants in the northeast and mid-Atlantic colonies declined.
答案
D
解析
【否定事实信息题】整个第2段都是讲这种影响,其中提到当地的造船业形成独立的产业,可对应为A选项。只有D文中未提及。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/0ffO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Writethecorrectletter,A-F,nexttoquestions21-26.AVideoResourceCentreBReadingRoomCFoodServiceCentreDPeriodic
ChooseTWOletters,A-E.WhichTWOaspectsdidthenewrulesattheendofthe19thcenturyfocuson?AcooperationBcompetitio
ChooseTWOletters,A-E.WhichTWOaspectsdidthenewrulesattheendofthe19thcenturyfocuson?AcooperationBcompetitio
Whatdideachpersonsaywastheprincipalcauseofstressforthem?ChooseFOURanswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrectlett
Whatdideachpersonsaywastheprincipalcauseofstressforthem?ChooseFOURanswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrectlett
Whatdideachpersonsaywastheprincipalcauseofstressforthem?ChooseFOURanswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrectlett
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.ExampleMIDDLEBURYLANGUAGESCHOOLCLASS
Whattaskhasbeendistributedtoeachperson?TasksAAcknowledgementBMethodologyCBibliographyDLiteraturereviewERe
随机试题
结膜囊指的是
对于国际私法上的住所究竟如何认定,曾有各种不同主张,但大多数学者及法院的实践是采用________,即主张依照法院地的住所概念去认定当事人的住所究竟在何处。
治疗药物浓度监测的标本采集时间一般选择在
患者女,56岁,乏力、腰痛3个月来诊。经检测M蛋白、骨髓检查及X线检查,确诊为多发性骨髓瘤。首选的治疗是
男,53岁。在最近的一次体检中发现背部皮下有一黄豆大小的包块,体检报告建议他去相关科室进一步检查。专科检查后,告诉他不是大问题,如不放心可以观察一段时间,看此包块是否增大再作处理。为此患者吃不下饭、睡不好觉,出现了焦虑反应。调整其不良情绪的方法中,不恰当的
依据《烟花爆竹安全管理条例》的规定,举办焰火晚会和其他大型焰火燃放活动的,主办单位应当按照分级管理的规定,向有关人民政府的()部门提出申请,提交有关证明材料,办理《烟花燃放许可证》。
甲与乙结婚后无房居住,2006年l0月1日甲以个人名义向丙借10万元用于购房,约定5年后归还。2007年4月12日,法院判决甲与乙离婚,家庭财产全部归乙。则()。
材料一:中国古代思想家说:“夫君者舟也,庶人者水也,水可以载舟,亦可以覆舟。”“乐民之乐者,民亦乐其乐;忧民之忧者,民亦忧其忧。乐以天下,忧以天下,然而不王者,未之有也。” 材料二:十六大政治报告指出:“最大多数人的利益和全社会全民族的积极性、创造性是
在奥苏伯尔看来,有意义学习的前提包括
【B1】【B20】
最新回复
(
0
)