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  3. 　　Parents should not assume that young children’s natural language abilities will lead to true grown-up language skills without

　　Parents should not assume that young children’s natural language abilities will lead to true grown-up language skills without

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问题 　　Parents should not assume that young children’s natural language abilities will lead to true grown-up language skills without a good deal of effort. Erika Hoff, a developmental psychologist who is a professor at Florida Atlantic University and the lead author of a 2015 review article on bilingual development, said: "For everybody trying to raise a bilingual child, whatever your background and reason, it’ s very important to realize that acquiring a language requires massive exposure to that language."
    Pediatricians routinely advise parents to talk as much as possible to their young children, to read to them and sing to them. Part of the point is to increase their language exposure, a major concern even for children growing up with only one language. And in order to foster language development, the exposure has to be person-to-person; screen time doesn’t count for learning language in young children—even one language—though kids can learn content and vocabulary from educational screen time later on. "For bilingual development, the child will need exposure to both languages," Dr. Hoff said, "and that’s really difficult in a monolingual environment, which is what the U.S. is."
    "A child who is learning two languages will have a smaller vocabulary in each than a child who is only learning one; there are only so many hours in the day, and you’re either hearing English or Spanish," Dr. Hoff said. The children will be fine, though, she said. They may mix the languages, but that doesn’t indicate confusion. "Adult bilinguals mix their languages all the time; it’s a sign of language ability," she said.
    Dr. Hoff works in South Florida, where there is a very educated and affluent population raising children in Spanish and English. "The children start out as baby bilinguals, but the older they get, the more English overtakes Spanish," she said. "The ones who are successful bilinguals as adults are still much better in English than they are in Spanish—they didn’ t go to school in Spanish, they don’ t read books in Spanish, and when you actually measure the size of their vocabularies, or the grammar they understand, or the coherence of the narrative they produce, they are not as proficient as they are in English." Parents will need to be mindful about introducing the child to literacy in that language. They will need to be thoughtful about ways they will encourage the child to maintain the language.
According to Paragraph 2, language exposure________.
选项 A、requires parents to communicate with their children
B、counts a little for children with one language
C、asks children to study language on their own
D、includes only content and vocabulary learning
答案A
解析 细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第二段。该段第一句talk as much as possible…read to them and sing to them是对“语言接触”的具体说明，即父母应多和孩子交流，因此A项正确。B项意为语言接触对“掌握一种语言的孩子来说并不重要”，这与第二句a major concern even for children growing up with only one language(即便是对从小只使用一种语言的孩子来说，这都是非常重要的)相悖，故错误。C项意为语言接触“要求孩子自学语言”，其言外之意是孩子不需要与其他人交流就能学好语言，其与该段第三句the exposure has to be person-to-person(这种接触必须是面对面的)表述不一致，故错误。D项意为语言接触“仅包括内容和词汇的学习”，不符合题意。故本题选A。
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