首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
(46)A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" researc
(46)A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" researc
admin
2009-04-26
110
问题
(46)
A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" research; i.e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves.
Any scientist working for such organizations and investigating in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand.
At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense: the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians. (47)
Nevertheless, the scientist, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms, was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined program to which he had to conform.
(48)
As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently.
The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques and industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly-complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. (49)
Owing to the large sums of money involved, it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly-defined objectives.
In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed (programmatic) research,
One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research (development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations. (50)
In consequence, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.
Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of science—and not only pure science, but applied science as well.
选项
答案
因此,科学家不断从理论科学研究领域转移到应用科学研究领域,因为后者能提供比在大学做纯理论研究工作更多的工作机会,而且通常待遇更优厚,技术设施更好。
解析
frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than...是后置定语,修饰前面的名词jobs。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/0oa4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe______.Defenseattorneysarevitaltothejudicialsystembecausewithoutthem,itwo
Theauthorbelievesinthepassagethat______.Theword"rejuvenated"(Paragraph5)mostprobablymeans______.
ReadthefollowingChineseandwriteanabstractof80~100words.YoushouldwriteyouranswersonANSWERSHEET2.
TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannual
TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannual
Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresou
Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresou
Mosthumanbeingsactuallydecidebeforetheythink.Whenanyhumanbeing—executive,specializedexpert,orpersoninthestreet
Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat______.NBACwillleavetheissueofembryoresearchundiscussedbecause______.
Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat______.Thepanelagreedonallofthefollowingexceptthat______.
随机试题
A.疏肝理气,活血通络B.活血化瘀,通脉止痛C.温补阳气,振奋心阳D.通阳泄浊,豁痰宣痹E.豁痰开窍,健脾化湿
艾滋病的传播途径主要包括
构成传染病流行过程的三个基本条件是
某海港航道工程水环境评价工作等级为二级,需预测工程施工期悬浮物影响。根据《环境影响评价技术导则一地面水环境》,可以采用的海湾数学模式有()。
工程成本核算包括的环节有:①核算与分配各项生产费用;②确定成本核算对象,设置成本核算科目,开设成本明细账;③计算年度合同费用;④计算期末工程成本;⑤编制单位工程竣工成本决算。则正确的核算程序是()。
甲公司为增值税一般纳税人,适用的增值税税率为17%,所得税税率为25%,假定销售商品,原材料和提供劳务均符合收入确认条件,其成本在确认收入时逐笔结转,商品、原材料售价中不含增值税。2013年甲公司发生如下交易或事项:(1)3月2日,向乙公司销售商
感测与识别技术包括对信息的编码、压缩、加密等。()
Doyoubelievethatonlyboysdowellinscience?Doesitseemtoyouthatgirlshavebettervoeabulariesthanboys?Inyouropini
______moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
Notlongago,manypeoplebelievedthatbabiesonlywantedfoodandtobekeptwarmanddry.Somepeople(1)______babieswerenot
最新回复
(
0
)