2. 考研
  3. Cars account for half the oil consumed in the U. S. , about half the urban pollution and one fourth the greenhouse(温室)gases. The

Cars account for half the oil consumed in the U. S. , about half the urban pollution and one fourth the greenhouse(温室)gases. The

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问题     Cars account for half the oil consumed in the U. S. , about half the urban pollution and one fourth the greenhouse(温室)gases. They take a similar toll(损耗)of resources in other industrial nations and in the cities of the developing world. As vehicle-use continues to increase in the coming decade, the U. S. and other countries will have to deal with these issues or else face unacceptable economic, health-related and political costs. It is unlikely that prices will remain at their current low level or that other nations will accept a large and growing U. S. contribution to global climatic change.
    Policymakers and industry have four options: reduce vehicle use, increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions of conventional gasoline-powered vehicles, switch to less harmful fuels, or find less polluting driving systems. The last of these—in particular the introduction of vehicles powered by electricity—is ultimately the only sustainable option. The other alternatives are attractive in theory but in practice are either impractical or offer only marginal improvements. For example, reduced vehicle use could solve traffic problems and a host of social and environmental problems, but evidence from around the world suggests that it is very difficult to make people give up their cars to any significant extent. In the U.S. , mass-transit ridership and carpooling(合伙用车)have declined since World War II. Even in western Europe, with fuel prices averaging more than $ 1 a liter(about $ 4 a gallon)and with easily accessible mass transit and dense populations, cars still account for 80 percent of all passenger travel.
    Improved energy efficiency is also appealing, but automotive fuel economy has barely made any progress in 10 years. Alternative fuels such as natural gas, burned in internal-combustion engines, could be introduced at relatively low cost, but they would lead to only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhouse emissions(especially because oil companies are already spending billions of dollars every year to develop less polluting types of gasoline).
From the passage we know that the increased use of cars will______.
选项 A、consume half of the oil produced in the world
B、have serious consequences for the well-being of all nations
C、widen the gap between the developed and developing countries
D、impose an intolerable economic burden on residents of large cities
答案B
解析 本题问从文中我们可看出小汽车的使用量增加会导致什么后果。从文中第一段可看出，小汽车耗费了美国一半的汽油消费量，接近一半的城市污染和1／4的导致温室效应的气体是由汽车造成的。在其他工业化国家和发展中国家的城市里也是如此。因此选B项，即汽车的增加对各国的生活福利有恶劣的影响，选项A、C、D三项均仅涉及问题的某个方面。
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