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  3. The physical fitness movement in America followed the immigration of a large number of German migrants into America who fled the

The physical fitness movement in America followed the immigration of a large number of German migrants into America who fled the

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问题     The physical fitness movement in America followed the immigration of a large number of German migrants into America who fled their country due to the 1848 revolution. The movement began from Fredrich Ludwig Jahn who (47)______ exercise and sport with German history and tradition and saw a connection between mental and physical health. Charle Pollen, a Jahn student, who opposed to loose exercise, stressed (48)______ mental and physical exercise. In the mid-west, the Germans established their first gymnastic institution called the Turnverein in Cincinnati in 1848. Later called the Turners, these groups developed (49)______ organized outings of picnics, games, gymnastics, and celebrations of German culture.
    Catherine Beecher promoted physical fitness for women, and felt that tight clothes not only made such exercise impossible, but actually (50)______ the natural form of women’s bodies, and could even be passed on to future generations and (51)______ the race. She was also an advocate of improving (52)______ and an early opponent of gluttony(暴食), believing ingredient in food stimulated the (53)______ towards excess. Others advocated vegetarianism(素食主义), or saw lack of sunshine as a cause of stomach discomfort. They have particular (54)______ regardless, but all of the food reformers had a common philosophy: bad eating habits led to social disorder. Like physical fitness supporters, they saw a connection between reshaping the body and reshaping American society to improve the individual and the country.
    The physical fitness movement declined in the years preceding the Civil War, then (55)______, as Americans began to live in cities and worked before desks all day long. Advocates promoted "Muscular Christianity," a movement begun in England, which stressed that the best and most moral Christians were those with (56)______ bodies. And this really disturbed the traditional ideas about health.

             Word Bank:
A. advance              I. nationally
B. sound                J. shaped
C. rapidly              K. nutrition
D. spoiled              L. appetite
E. preference           M. revived
F. marvelous            N. alternative
G. degrade              O. rigorous
H. unified
选项
答案L
解析 believing…是对主句内容的补充说明，因此应与gluttony有关。“暴食”是指食欲过度，因此空中应填L. appetite，此处是说食物中的成分可以过度刺激食欲。stimulate不能与nutrition构成功宾搭配，因此排除K。
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