首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others
admin
2013-11-29
60
问题
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean. Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person commit- ting accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterizsd by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression, However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, selfdefense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether of not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann’s pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won’t fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Ann feel bad". Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distincitons, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.
Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?
选项
A、An outline for future research.
B、An expanded definition of commonly misunderstood terms.
C、An analysis of a dispute between two theorists.
D、A discussion of research finding in an ongoing inquiry.
答案
D
解析
本文提出长久以来的研究the age at which young children begin to make moral discrimination,并讲述了Keasey的新发现,因此本文是对一个尚在研究的问题的一种讨论。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/1FhO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
MarrypeoplegotoLouvreinParistoseeonlyonepainting.TheyignoreothersplendidworksbyLeonardothathungnearby.【71】B
Amongthemanywaysinwhichpeoplecommunicatethroughspeech,publicspeakinghasprobablyreceivedmorestudyandattracted
Thedrunkencoupledidnothingtokeeptheflatcleanandtidyandhivedintheutmost_____.
"Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,"sayssociolo
Therearesomanybadthingsaboutwomendriver’s,Idon’tknowwheretostaff.IguessIwillgettheballrollingbytalkinga
Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfedgood.Whydoesn’tever-greater
DesertificationinthearidUnitedStatseisflagrant.Groundwatersuppliesbeneathvaststretchesoflandaredroppingprecipit
Atatrialtheselectionofthejuryismadesubjecttothedirectionofthepresidingjudge.Thenamesoftheprospectivejuror
Theincreaseinglobaltrademeansthatinternationalcompaniescannotaffordtomakecostlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywantt
随机试题
下列各组词语中,没有错别字的是()。
患者平素畏寒,手足不温,刻下恶寒发热,语声低微,舌淡胖,脉细无力。治宜选用
原发性肾病综合征患者,首次治疗,每日用强的松60mg,三周后尿蛋白仍为(++++),此时应
作为流行病学研究方法之一的横断面调查也称
大血藤中主含
某35kV线路全长为35km。当全线为架空地线的架空线路时,下列电容电流数值正确的是何项?
对客户进行资产分析时,()是错误的。
某空调企业打算新增加一个零件装配车间,希望该厂能尽快投入生产,需要招收大量的加工员工,这些被录取的工人将马上被安排到生产线上。为了在短时间内筛选出大量合格的装配工人,最适合采用的方法是()。
某化妆品厂系私营企业,所生产的婴儿护肤产品供不应求。为增加产量,厂长童某决定改变配方,增加添加剂。结果生产出不符合卫生标准的劣质产品,销售金额达30万元。消费者使用后不同程度地引起过敏、脱皮等不良反应。在如何确定犯罪主体性质及定罪的罪名上,下列哪些选项是正
Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinalmostthesamewords,butthisshouldnot
最新回复
(
0
)