首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others
admin
2013-11-29
31
问题
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean. Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person commit- ting accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterizsd by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression, However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, selfdefense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether of not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann’s pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won’t fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Ann feel bad". Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distincitons, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.
Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?
选项
A、An outline for future research.
B、An expanded definition of commonly misunderstood terms.
C、An analysis of a dispute between two theorists.
D、A discussion of research finding in an ongoing inquiry.
答案
D
解析
本文提出长久以来的研究the age at which young children begin to make moral discrimination,并讲述了Keasey的新发现,因此本文是对一个尚在研究的问题的一种讨论。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/1FhO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.Itcatalyzedphysica
AllthegettingandgivingispossiblethroughanorganizationcalledFreecycle,agrassrootsmovementofpeoplewhogiveawayt
Aboutadecadeago,then-RepublicanHouseleaderNewtGingrichraisedabigstirwhenheimpliedthatamother’sdrowningofher
ThedomesticeconomyintheUnitedStatesexpandedinaremarkablyvigorousandsteadyfashion.Therevivalinconsumerconfiden
Dependingonwhetheryoubelieveinprincipleortheartofthepossible,theUnitedNations’newproposalforthefutureofWes
AndresearcherssaythatlikethoseliteraryromanticsRomeoandJuliet,theymaybeblindtotheconsequencesoftheirquestsf
Shynessisanearlyuniversalhumantrait.Almosteveryonehasboutsofit,andhalfofthosesurveyeddescribethemselvesassh
InJuly,almostunnoticedbythenationalpress,adeadlybirdvirusarrivedonapheasantfarminSurrey.ExpertsfromtheDepa
Todaythestudyoflanguageinourschoolsissomewhatconfusing.Itisthemosttraditionalofscholasticsubjectsbeingtaught
随机试题
意义学习需要具备哪些条件?
下列关于甲状腺激素对物质代谢影响的叙述,正确的是
A.膀胱俞、中极、行间、内庭B.阴谷、肾俞、三焦俞、气海、委阳C.脾俞、胃俞、足三里、血海D.三阴交、阴陵泉、膀胱俞、中极E.关元、中极、足三里、肾俞治疗癃闭湿热下注证,应首选()
下列主体中,不能作为票据保证人的有()。
一位教师讲“生物与环境”一节时,结合教学讲解了我国目前需要解决的环境保护和生态平衡等有关的知识,激发了学生的学习兴趣。这体现了生物学的()教学原则。
教育与生产相脱离,教育具有阶级性、道统性、专制性、刻板性和象征性等。这些属于()的特征。
对文艺复兴、宗教改革、天主教改革三者关系表述正确的一项是()
根据《宪法》和《民族区域自治法》的规定,下列既有权制定自治条例,也有权制定地方性法规的是()。
MakingYourselfaGoodRecordIfyouareanAmericanandyouthinkyoumightneedtoborrowmoneysomeday,thebestthingtodo
A、Hecan’thelpthewoman,becauseit’stoodarktosee.B、Hecan’tmeetthewoman,becausehegoestotheinterview.C、Hecan’t
最新回复
(
0
)