2. 外语
  3. Software (of computers), is also called computer programs, which refers to instructions that cause the hardware—the machines—to

Software (of computers), is also called computer programs, which refers to instructions that cause the hardware—the machines—to

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问题     Software (of computers), is also called computer programs, which refers to instructions that cause the hardware—the machines—to do work. Software as a whole can be divided into a number of categories based on the types of work done by【S1】______. The two primary software【S2】______are operating systems (system software), which control the workings of the computer, and application software, which addresses the multitude of tasks for which people use【S3】______. System software thus【S4】______such essential, but often invisible, chores as maintaining disk files and managing the screen, whereas application software performs word processing, database management, and the like. Two additional categories that are neither【S5】______nor application software, although they contain elements of both, are network software, which【S6】______groups of computers to communicate, and language software, which provides programmers with the tools they need to write programs. In addition to these task-based categories, several types of software are【S7】______based on their method of distribution. These【S8】______the sc-called canned programs or packaged software developed and sold primarily through retail outlets; freeware and public-domain software, which is made【S9】______without cost by its developer; shareware, which is【S10】______to freeware but usually carries a small fee for those who like the program; and the infamous vaporware, which is software that either does not reach the market or appears much later than promised.

A) described           B) categories          C) include           D) make  
E) programs            F) disk                G) DVD               H) handles
I) system              J) available           K) similar           L) able
M) computers           N) enables             O) like
【S1】
选项
答案E
解析 从句子结构分析可以确定这里缺少一个名词，从第一句可以得到提示“计算机软件又被称为计算机的程序”，所以选E项programs，该句的意思为“建立在程序工作的基础上”。
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大学英语四级

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