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  3. Look around the world and the forces are massing. On one side are Californian prison guards, British policemen, French railworke

Look around the world and the forces are massing. On one side are Californian prison guards, British policemen, French railworke

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问题     Look around the world and the forces are massing. On one side are Californian prison guards, British policemen, French railworkers, Greek civil servants, and teachers just about everywhere. On the other stand the cash-strapped governments of the rich world. Even the mere mention of cuts has brought public-sector workers onto the streets across Europe. When those plans are put into action, expect much worse. In public services union power is magnified not just by strikers’ ability to shut down monopolies that everyone needs without seeing their employer go bust, but also by their political clout over those employers.
    Politicians have repeatedly given in, usually sneakily—by swelling pensions, adding yet more holidays or dropping reforms, rather than by increasing pay. This time they have to fight because they are so short of money. But it is crucial that the war with the public-sector unions is won in the right way. For amid all the pain ahead sits a huge opportunity—to redesign government. That means focusing on productivity and improving services, not just cutting costs.
    The immediate battle will be over benefits, not pay. Here the issue is parity. Holidays are often absurdly generous, but the real issue is pensions. Too many state workers can retire in their mid-50s on close to full pay. America’s states have as much as $ 5 trillion in unfunded pension liabilities. Another battleground will be the unions’ legal privileges. It would be perverse to ban public-sector unions outright at a time when governments are trying to make public services more like private ones. But their right to strike should be more tightly limited; and the rules governing political donations and even unionization itself should be changed to "opt-in" ones, in which a member decides whether to give or join.
    Fixing the public sector must not be allowed to degenerate into demonising it. Its health is vital to the health of society as a whole, not least because of its impact on economic growth. Private-sector productivity has soared in the West over the past quarter-century, even in old industries such as steel and carmaking. Companies have achieved this because they have the freedom to manage—to experiment, to expand successful innovations, to close down bad ones, to promote talented people. Across the public sector, unions have fought all this, most cruelly in education. It can be harder to restructure government than business, but even small productivity gains can bring big savings.
    The coming battle should be about delivering better services, not about cutting resources. Focusing on productivity should help politicians redefine the debate. The imminent retirement of the baby-boomers is a chance to hire a new generation of workers with different contracts. Politicians face a choice: push a-head, reform and create jobs in the long term; or give in again, and cut more services and raise more taxes.
The first paragraph mainly discusses______.
选项 A、turbulent world situations
B、strained employment relations
C、dead ended governments
D、magnifying union power
答案D
解析 第一段首先给读者描绘了一幅“纠结”画面：国家富裕。政府却囊中羞涩，政治家们简单的一句削减支出也会令公共部门员工群起抗议、游说街头。随后指出公共部门员工这种罢工特权以及政治影响力是公共部门工会势力壮大的缘由。下文则开始阐述政治家们如何应对公共部门工会势力壮大的方法。由此可见，第一段意在指出公共部门工会力量的壮大，[D]选项符合文意。
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