首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
In recent years, nonhuman animals have been at the center of an intense philosophical debate. In particular, many authors ha
In recent years, nonhuman animals have been at the center of an intense philosophical debate. In particular, many authors ha
admin
2019-04-17
39
问题
In recent years, nonhuman animals have been at the center of an intense philosophical debate.
In particular, many authors have criticized traditional morality, maintaining that the way in which we treat members of other species is ethically indefensible. We routinely use animals as means to our ends—in fact, we treat them in ways in which we would deem it profoundly immoral to treat human being. Though they are "moral patients" , that is, beings whose treatment may be subject to moral evaluation—their status is infinitely inferior to ours. Are such double standards warranted? And, if so, on what grounds?
While not being completely overlooked by philosophers, the first justification offered is powerful and widespread at the societal level, mainly due to its simplicity. To the question of what divides us from the other animals, the answer is; the fact that they are not human. On such a view, what makes the difference is the possession, or lack, of a genotype characteristics of the species Homo sapiens. Is this a good reply? No. Those appealing to species membership work within the framework of the human egalitarian paradigm. And it is just the line of reasoning that supports human equality that implies, by denying the moral relevance of race or sex membership, the rejection of the idea that species membership in itself can make a difference in moral status. If one claims that biological characteristic like race and sex cannot play a role in ethics, how can one attribute a role to another biological characteristics such as species membership? Moral views that, while rejecting racism and sexism, accept "speciesism"—the view that grants members of our own species special moral status—are internally inconsistent.
Sheer speciesism is hardly plausible. But there are more sophisticated ways of defending our current double standards to which the theoretical defenders of the status quo tend to turn. For most philosophers, it is not species membership rather than the possession of rationality that plays a central role. We can set aside for the sake of argument the(questionable)assumption that rationality is a human prerogative in order to focus on the moral significance attached to rationality.
Though many other defences of the doctrine of human superiority have been put forward, the appeal to species membership, the appeal to the possession of rationality, as a precondition of morals , and the appeal to this very same characteristic as a means to intersubjective agreement are certainly the most basic, around which all the others revolve. If none of them can justify maintaining nonhuman animals in their present inferior moral condition, it seems plausible to infer that our current attitude is deeply flawed.
The author’s attitude toward the way in which we currently treat nonhuman animals is______.
选项
A、impartial
B、indifferent
C、crucial
D、critical
答案
D
解析
作者态度判断题。作者首先提出我们对动物的不公正对待,然后站在反方的角度论述了其理据,其目的无非是证明我们当下的态度是值得批判的。选项D正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/1bra777K
本试题收录于:
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)题库专业硕士分类
0
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)
专业硕士
相关试题推荐
美国南北战争期间,林肯总统在()发表了著名的演讲。他在纪念内战之惨烈、将士之牺牲的同时,表达了对“民有、民治、民享的政府”(“governmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople”)的信念。
()alwaysused"i"insteadof"I"torefertohimselfasaprotestagainstself-importance.
Aestheticismisthebeliefthatartistshavenoobligationotherthantostriveforbeauty—"artforart’ssake".Themostimport
PopstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofRoyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutinthe
Everyonewhohasvisitedthecityagreesthatitis______withlife.
Thephysicalshapeandcoloringofmanyanimalsaretheresultofgradual______toparticularcircumstances.
Thecompactdictionariespublishedinrecentyearsarenotasunwieldyassomeoftheoldereditions.
Full-timefacultyandstaffontheUniversitypayroll,whenapplyingforanannualpermit,mayauthorizepaymentoftheirparkin
ChildrenasyoungasfourwillstudyShakespeareinaprojectbeinglaunchedtodaybytheRoyalShakespeareCompany.TheRSC
随机试题
试述谈判时提问的时机及要诀。
引起术后伤口裂开的原因有
工程施工质量不符合要求时,经返工重做或更换器具、设备的检验批应( )。
巴塞尔委员会正式发布的第三版巴塞尔协议(巴塞尔协议Ⅲ),确立了银行资本监管新标杆和新高度,使商业银行风险管理的模式发生了本质变化的时间为()
摩擦性失业主要是由()产生的。
头脑风暴法是由()首先提出。
在VisualFoxPro中,表的备注文件的扩展名是______。
ADULATION:
Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcarmakers,cost$2000andup.Nosurprise,then,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxur
HollywoodForsakesHistoryforEventsA)OprahWinfreycallsBelovedtheblackequivalentofSchindler’sList.Tobesure,every
最新回复
(
0
)