国画(Chinese painting)指中国传统绘画,历史悠久,远在2000多年前的战国时期(Waning States Period)就出现了画在丝织品上的绘画。国画的工具和材料有毛笔(brush)、墨、纸和丝绸等。国画从题材上主要分为三类:人物、山水

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问题     国画(Chinese painting)指中国传统绘画,历史悠久,远在2000多年前的战国时期(Waning States Period)就出现了画在丝织品上的绘画。国画的工具和材料有毛笔(brush)、墨、纸和丝绸等。国画从题材上主要分为三类:人物、山水、花鸟。国画起源于中国书法(calligraphy),在本质上是一种线性艺术,试图采用绘画唤起意象和感情。国画在内容和艺术创作上,体现了古人对自然、社会、哲学、宗教和道德的认识。

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答案 Chinese painting, the traditional painting in China, has a long history. There were paintings on silks even in Warring States Period over 2,000 years ago. Tools and materials used in Chinese painting are brush, ink, paper and silk and so on. There are three main subjects of Chinese painting: human figures, landscapes, and birds and flowers. Originated from Chinese calligraphy, Chinese painting is essentially an art of line, which attempts to arouse images and emotions with paintings. The content and artistic creation of Chinese paintings reflect the ancient people’s recognition on nature, society, philosophy, religion and morality.

解析 1.第1句较长,可拆译为两个独立的句子。前两个短句意思更紧密,译成一句:第3个短句较长,意思独立,单独译成一个句子,其中“在……时期出现……”可用there be句型来表达。
2.“国画从题材上主要分为三类”可理解为“国画题材主要有三类”。也可采用there be句型来表达。
3.倒数第2句虽然不长,但有三个不同的意群,翻译时可选取其中一个意群作谓语,其余两个处理成非谓语形式。这句的处理方式有多种,参考译文将“起源于中国书法”译为过去分词短语(Originated from Chinese calligraphy),作状语;主干则是“国画是一种线性艺术”;“试图采用绘画唤起意象和感情”则译为由which引导的非限制性定语从句。
4.“内容和艺术创作”可理解为最后一句的主语,与其后的“体现(reflect)”形成了一个主谓结构。
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