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  3. In the absence of optimism, we are left with nothing but critics, naysayers, and prophets of doom. When a nation expects the wor

In the absence of optimism, we are left with nothing but critics, naysayers, and prophets of doom. When a nation expects the wor

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问题    In the absence of optimism, we are left with nothing but critics, naysayers, and prophets of doom. When a nation expects the worst from its people and institutions, and its experts focus exclusively on faults, hope dies. Too many people spend too much tie looking down rather than up, finding fault with their country’s political institutions, economic system, edncational establishment, religious organizations, and—worst of all—with each other.
   Faultfinding expends so much negative energy that nothing is left over for positive action. It takes courage and strength to solve the genuine problems that afflict every society. Sure, there well always be things that need fixing. But the question is, Do you want to spend your time and energy tearing things down or building them up?
   The staging of a Broadway show could illustrate my point. Let’s say a new production is about to open. A playwright has polished the script, investor have put up the money, and the theater ahs been rented. A director alas been chosen, actors have been auditioned and selected, and the cast has been rehearsing for weeks. Set, lighting, and sound engineers have been hard at work. By the time opening night arrives, nearly a hundred people have labored tirelessly—all working long hours to make magic for their audience.
   On opening night, four or five critics sit in the audience. If they pan it, the play will probably close in a matter lf days or weeks. If they praise it, the production could go on for a long and successful run. In the end, success or failure might hinge on the opinion of a single person—someone who might be in a bad mood on opening night! What’s wrong with this scene? In one sense, nothing. Critics have a legitimate role. The problem arises when we make critics our heroes or put them in control of our fate. When we empower the critic more than the playwright, something is wrong. It is much easier to criticize than to create. When we revere the critics of society, we eventually become a society of critics, and when that happens, there is no mom left for constructive optimism.
The preparation of a Broadway show is mentioned in order to ______.
选项 A、explain that staging a play requires complex teamwork
B、argue that a minute mistake may ruin a lifelong task
C、show that the preparatory stage is imperative t the following ones
D、illustrate that criticism may block the way to success
答案D
解析 本文以上演一出百老汇戏剧为例。一大堆相关人员作了大量的准备工作，最后成功或失败可能仅因为某个批评家的看法，这人也许就在开演的当晚心情不好。所以正确答案是D(阐明批评有碍成功)。
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