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  3. Aesthetics is broader in scope than the philosophy of art, which comprises one of its branches, It deals not only with the natur

Aesthetics is broader in scope than the philosophy of art, which comprises one of its branches, It deals not only with the natur

admin2010-07-06  44
问题      Aesthetics is broader in scope than the philosophy of art, which comprises one of its branches, It deals not only with the nature and value of the arts but also with those responses to natural objects that find expression in the language of the beautiful and the ugly. 61)A problem is encountered at the outset, however, for terms such as beautiful and ugly seem too vague in their application and too subjective in their meaning to divide the world successfully into those things that do, end those that do not, exemplify them. Almost anything might be seen as beautiful by someone or from some point of view; and different people apply the word to quite disparate objects for reasons that often seem to have little or nothing in common. It may be that there is some single underlying belief that motivates all of their judgments. 62)It may also be, however, that the term beautiful has no sense except as the expression of an attitude, which is in turn attached by different people to quite different states of affairs.
     63)Moreover, in spite of the emphasis laid by philosophers on the terms beautiful and ugly, it is far from evident that they are the most important or most useful either in the discussion and criticism of art or in the description of that which appeals to us in nature To convey what is significant in a poem we might use such terms as ironical, moving, expressive, balanced, and harmonious. Likewise, in describing a favorite stretch of countryside, we may find more use for peaceful, soft, atmospheric, harsh, and evocative, than for beautiful. 64)The least that should be said is that beautiful belongs to a class of terms from which it has been chosen as much for convenience’s sake as for any sense that it captures what is distinctive of the class.
     At the same time, there seems to Be no clear way of delimiting the class in question — not at least in advance of theory. 65)Aesthetics must therefore cast its net more widely than the study either of beauty or of other aesthetic concepts if it is to discover the principles whereby it is to be defined. We are at once returned, therefore, to the vexing question or subject matter: What should a philosopher study in order to understand such ideas as beauty and taste?
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答案所以，如果说美学是为了发现其借以定义的那些基本原则，那么它所涉及的面必须更广泛，而不能只是研究美丽或者其他一些荚学概念。
解析 在句子结构上，if it is to...是句子的条件状语从句，其中含有一个由where by(由此：借以)引导的定语从句修饰the principles。词汇方面，考生一是要理解条件从句中的两个指代的都是句子主语aesthetics二是注意cast its net (more)widely字面意思是“广撒网”，这里可理解为“涉及或者覆盖的面很广泛”。此外，应根据汉语习惯将条件从句放到主句之前。      
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