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  3. Ask why most people are right-handed, and the answer might fall along the same lines as why fish school(鱼成群地游). Two neuroscienti

Ask why most people are right-handed, and the answer might fall along the same lines as why fish school(鱼成群地游). Two neuroscienti

admin2014-03-15  31
问题    Ask why most people are right-handed, and the answer might fall along the same lines as why fish school(鱼成群地游). Two neuroscientists suggest that social pressures drive individuals to coordinate their behaviors so that everyone in the group gets an evolutionary edge.
   Approximately 85 percent of people prefer their right hand, which is controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain.  One theorized benefit of locating a particular function in one hemisphere is that it frees the other to deal with different tasks. But that idea does not explain why. population-wide trends for handedness exist in the first place.
   Moreover, evidence gleaned in recent years has overturned the long-held belief that human handedness is a unique by-product of brain specialization attributable to language. A suite of studies has revealed brain lateralization in species from fish to primates(灵长类). Last August, for instance, scientists discovered that in the wild, chimpanzees show hand preferences.
   The presence of lateralization throughout the animal kingdom suggests some benefit from it, contend neuroscientists Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste and Lesley Rogers of the University of New England in Australia. Also, last August, in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences, the two presented evidence to support their idea that social constraints force individuals toward asymmetry in the same direction. They noted, for example, that baby chickens attack more readily when a threat appears on their left. And Rogers has found that chicks with more asymmetrical brains form more stable social groups: perhaps by approaching each other on the right, she hypothesizes, the chicks fight one another less and are more likely to notice predators.
   Lateralization seems to confer an advantage for some fish as well. In certain species, the majority tend to swim left when a predator attacks, whereas other species head right. The potential benefits of such patterns may not seem intuitive: a predator could learn that attacking a fish on one particular side is more effective. But Vallortigara and Rogers’s idea fits with the conventional explanation of why fish school at all. When threatened, fish turning in the same direction have a greater chance of survival than if they scatter to become a darting swarm of head-butting fish.
   Nevertheless, the bird and fish. data do not explain human handedness.
   "The issue then becomes: maybe this lateralization long predates the rise of the mammals," speculates Robin Dunbar ,an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Liverpool in England.
Fish school suggests that ______.
选项 A、it was a necessary evolutionary process
B、it has something to do with human right-handedness
C、they need to coordinate with other fish
D、their brain function is unique
答案B
解析  细节题。这篇短文第1段介绍左右手习惯并非人类所独有，动物也呈现类似特点，如鱼群的游动。这是因为环境压力迫使它们调整自己的行为，这也形成了它们的进化优势。鱼群的游动并非必要的进化过程，而是形成了进化优势。所以不能选择A，C的理由是明显的。D在原文中没有提到。所以选B。
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