首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Beha
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Beha
admin
2012-07-17
65
问题
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认知 学派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary (金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. "
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ______
选项
A、rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students
B、punishment is more effective than rewarding
C、failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
D、discouraging the students’ anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency
答案
A
解析
本题是一道依据文章中的细节进行推断类问题。问从文章中我们可以推断出许多大学试图严格他们的评分标准是因为他们相信什么。根据文章第四段的主要内容,首先,艾森伯格赞成用奖励的办法;其次,他主张奖其所值,不能无条件地施予奖励。文章中的The latter point指的是后一种观点,即要奖其所值,不能无条件地施予奖励。因此,本题的正确答案应是A“各主要大学正设法严格评分标准是因为他们认同奖励欠佳的学业表现会扼杀学生的创造力这一观点”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/29XO777K
0
在职攻硕英语联考
相关试题推荐
Theamazingsuccessofhumansasa【C1】______istheresultoftheevolutionarydevelopmentofourbrainswhichhasled,amongoth
InatotalofsixstatesinthemiddleofAmerica,15,000assembly-lineworkersare【C1】______Japanesecarstogether.Theseautow
ThehistoryofAfrican—Americansduringthepast400yearsistraditionallynarrated【C1】______anongoingstruggleagainst【C2】___
MostgraduateprogramsinAmericanuniversitiesproduceaproductforwhichthereisnomarket(candidatesforteachingposition
Among169cases,thesmokers______85.79%,andtheratiobetweenmalesandfemalesis3.7to1.
Envyhasbecomeadrivewheelofourmodernworld.Itisthepassionthatgovernsoureconomiclife.Moderncapitalismrelieson
Adebatehaseruptedwithinmedicineoverhowtoensurethatphysiciansmaintaintheirclinicalskillsthroughouttheircareers.
Gender-basedviolencebothreflectsandreinforcesinequitiesbetweenmenandwomenand______thehealth,dignity,securityand
Theyareunnecessarybutwantingthemseemstobepartofhumannature.Cosmeticsareanypreparationappliedexternallytothe
Whatdowethinkwith?Onlythebrain?Hardly.Thebrainislikeatelephoneexchange.Itistheswitchboard,butnotthewhole
随机试题
Whatdoesthewomansayshewilldonext?
马克斯.韦伯提出了“理想的行政组织体系”理论。认为一切社会组织的基础是等级、行政制和()
能阻断终板膜上胆碱能受体的物质是
关于乳剂中可以用表面活性剂作为乳化剂的原因,下列说法正确的是
某写字楼的租金为每日每平方米3元,电费、物业管理费由承租人负担,水费、供暖费、房地产税由出租人负担。由该租金减去运营费用求取该写字楼的净收益,应减去的运营费用包括()。
设置施工质量控制点是施工过程质量控制的有效方式,可以作为质量控制点的有()。
目前世界范围内大量的企业纷纷发生重组或者并购,以抵抗金融危机带来的冲击。其中,企业选择了并购,如果是看重并购中的协同效应,那么协同效应的主要来源包括()。
2×17年7月5日,甲公司自行研究开发的B专利技术达到预定可使用状态,并作为无形资产入账。B专利技术的成本为4000万元,预计使用年限为10年,无残值,采用直线法摊销。根据税法规定,B专利技术允许按照150%进行摊销。假定甲公司B专利技术的摊销方法、摊销年
用2012减去一个四位数的差,正好等于将这个四位数各个数位数字相加的和,那么有几个这样的四位数?()
EndangeredPeoplesA)Today,itisnotdistance,butculturethatseparatesthepeoplesoftheworld.Thecentralquestionof
最新回复
(
0
)