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  3. Thirty-five years after computer scientists at UCLA linked two bulky computers using a 15-foot gray cable, testing a new way for

Thirty-five years after computer scientists at UCLA linked two bulky computers using a 15-foot gray cable, testing a new way for

admin2009-04-27  91
问题     Thirty-five years after computer scientists at UCLA linked two bulky computers using a 15-foot gray cable, testing a new way for exchanging data over networks, what would ultimately become the Internet remains a work in progress.
    University researchers are experimenting with ways to increase its capacity and speed. Programmers are trying to imbue Web pages with intelligence. And work is underway to re-engineer the net-work to reduce spam and security troubles.
    (46)All the while threats loom: critics ware that commercial, legal and political pressures could hinder the types of innovations that made the Internet what it is today.
    Stephen Crocker and Vinton Cerf were among the graduate students who joined UCLA professor Len Kleinrock in an engineering lab on Sept. 2, 1969, as bits of meaningless test data flowed silently between the two computers. By January, three other "nodes" joined the fledgling network.
    (47)Then came e-mail a few years later, a core communications agreement called TCP/IP in the late 70s, the domain name system in the 80s and the World Wide Web—now the second most popular application behind e-mail—in 1990. The Internet expanded beyond its initial military and educational domain into businesses and homes around the world.
    Today, Crocker continues work on the Internet, designing better tools for collaboration. (48)And as security chairman for the Internet’s key oversight body, he is trying to defend the core addressing system from outside threats.
    He acknowledges the Internet he helped build is far from finished, and changes are in store to meet growing demands for multimedia. (49)Network providers now make only "best efforts" at delivering data packets, and Crocker said better guarantees are needed to prevent the skips and unexpected pauses now common with video.
    Cerf, now at MCI Inc., said he wished he could have designed the Internet with security built-in. Microsoft Corp., Yahoo Inc. and America Online Inc., among others, are currently trying to retrofit the network so e-mail senders can be authenticated—a way to cut clown on junk messages sent using spoofed addresses.
    (50)Many features being developed today wouldn’t have been possible at birth given the slower computing speeds and narrower Internet pipes, or bandwidth, Cerf said.

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答案目前，网络供应商们只能做"最大的努力"传输数据信息包。克罗克认为，为防止现在视频中常见的播放画面遗漏和不连贯，需要更好的技术保证。
解析 本句为复合句，句子主干结构是Network providers make best efforts and Crocker said…，句中better guarantees are needed to prevent the skips and stutters now common with video是said的宾语从句。翻译时，应注意词义的引申，unexpected pauses原意为"意外暂停"，这里是指视频技术中出现的问题，因此需引申为"不连贯"。从本句及上下文可以判断出此处的skips and unexpected pauses是指视频中播放画面的问题，因此翻译时将句意添加完整，添入"播放画面"，这样句意更加通顺。此外句中的guarantees显然也是指技术方面的保证，故将其完整译出。best efforts字面意思是"最好的努力"，意译成"最大的努力"符合中文表达习惯。
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