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  3. Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to

Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to

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问题     Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around.
    Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial (微不足道的) aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.
    No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure becomes to more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.
Which of the following is true according to John Dewey?
选项 A、An individual can exercise very little influence on the cultural tradition into which he is born.
B、Custom is the direct result of the philosophical probings of a group of people.
C、An individual is strongly influenced by the cultural tradition even before he is born.
D、Custom represents the collective wisdom which benefits the individual.
答案A
解析 由题干关键词John Dewey定位至第二段第四句“John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which．．．that are taken up into the language of his family．”可知，根据John Dewey所打的比方，风俗习惯对个人的行为的影响相对于个人对传统风俗的影响，就像母语对个人语言的影响相对个人会对整个母语词汇的影响一样。也就是说个人对传统风俗习惯的影响非常小，所以A正确。
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