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  3. For decades, biobanking has been held up as an essential research tool. While few doubt the scientific value of having catalogue

For decades, biobanking has been held up as an essential research tool. While few doubt the scientific value of having catalogue

admin2018-03-26  56
问题     For decades, biobanking has been held up as an essential research tool. While few doubt the scientific value of having catalogues of well-characterized tissues, cells, and other samples, these research platforms have also generated a significant amount of legal and moral controversy, especially in the context of consent and the control of research samples.
    Throughout the world, billions of public and private dollars have been invested in biobanks and millions of individuals have been asked to donate biological material and personal information. But, at the same time, there remains deep uncertainty about fundamental legal and moral norms.
    Legal scholars have argued that the most commonly used form of consent—that is, broad or open consent—does not adhere to relevant legal norms, which would seem to require a more comprehensive and specific approach to the consent process. Because the details of future work cannot be known, this approach means providing research participants with far less information than is traditionally disclosed (披露) in the case of specific consent.
    It is true that many studies have consistently found that, for the most part, the public supports biobanking initiatives and trusts the research community. But that support and trust are fragile. There are many social forces, such as the increasing involvement of industry in biobanking initiatives, which could erode public confidence. In addition, there are a number of social trends that may heighten public interest in the control of human biological material. Research ethics controversies can have a profound effect on public perceptions and consent policy.
    An emerging interest in biorights, though not widespread, could also challenge the existing approaches of biobanking. Indeed, areas such as genetics (遗传学) and stem cell research receive a great deal of positive coverage in the popular press, including reference to the economic potential of the work.
    Within the scientific community it has become widely accepted that biobanks are an indispensable research tool, essential for picking out complex gene-environment interactions. There is little doubt that biobanking is here to stay. But we need to recognize that despite decades of academic debate, fundamental legal and moral challenges remain.
What is one of the disadvantages of broad consent comparing to specific consent?
选项 A、It follows more approaches.
B、It requires more participants.
C、It reveals less information.
D、It conforms to fewer legal norms.
答案C
解析 事实细节题。定位句提到，由于未来工作的细节是未知的，因此这种方法(广泛或公开的同意)意味着为研究参与者提供的信息远远少于在具体同意的情况下传统披露的信息，故答案为C)。A)“它遵循多种方法”，从文中可知，公开的同意只是一种方法，不涉及其他，故排除；B)“它需要更多的参与者”，文中只提到为研究参与者提供信息，并没有提到人数的多少，故排除；D)“它遵循更少的法律规范”，第三段首句提到法律学者认为，最常用的同意形式——即广泛或公开的同意——并没有遵守相关的法律规范，与规范多少无关，可以排除。
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