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  3. Alfred Nobel—A Man of Contrasts Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He

Alfred Nobel—A Man of Contrasts Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He

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问题                 Alfred Nobel—A Man of Contrasts
    Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of literature, an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He invented a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but saw it used in war to kill and injure his fellow men. During his useful life he often felt he was useless: "Alfred Nobel," he once wrote of himself, "ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as, with a cry, he entered life." World-famous for his works he was never personally well-known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity. "I do not see," he once said, "that I have deserved any fame and I have no taste for it.” But since his death, his name has brought fame and glory to others.
    He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Immanuel Nobel invented the landmine and made a lot of money from government orders for it during the Crimean War but went bankrupt soon after. Most of the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred rejoined them in 1863, beginning his own study of explosives in his father’s laboratory. He had never been to school or university but had studied on his own and by the time he was twenty was a skillful chemist and an excellent linguist speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. Like his father, Alfred Nobel was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in business and showed more financial sense. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist.
    But Nobel’s main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning of life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. Perhaps because he could not find ordinary human love—he never married—he came to care deeply about the whole of mankind. He was always generous to the poor: "I’d rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone memorials. "He once said, his greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous will? in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature", and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals. And so, the man who felt he should have died at birth is remembered and respected long after his death.
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选项
答案I. Nobel’s contrasting character A. Realistic (scientist, inventor, and industrialist) B. Idealistic (literature-and-philosopher lover peace lover) II. His attitudes towards life A. A man of substance whose life remained simple and single until death. B. A man with great zeal for mankind and his native land remaining personally unknown throughout his life. C. A man successful in his invention but also very much distressed about the consequence of his invention. III. A brief biography of Alfred Nobel A. His family background; Childhood and father B. A self-taught skilful chemist and excellent linguist C. His being both a scientist of originality and an industrialist of foresight D. A world-peace promoter and humanitarian E. His last will
解析     这是一篇介绍阿尔弗雷德.诺贝尔的文章，全文共分为三个自然段。
    第一段主要介绍了诺贝尔这位伟大的发明家、实业家是一位集多方矛盾于一身的人。他既是一个现实主义者，又是一个理想主义者。一生富有，却过着简朴的生活；与别人在一起时总是谈笑风生，一人独处时却闷闷不乐。虽然他的成就名扬四海，但他的个人情况却鲜为人知，因为他的一生中，诺贝尔总是避免出头露面，而在他逝世以后，他的名字给别人带来巨大的荣誉。
    (1)in company在人前，在人群中
    in private秘密地，私下地
    He made a fortune but lived a simple life，and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private.
    一生富有，却过着简朴的生活；与别人在一起时总是谈笑风生，一人独处时却闷闷不乐。
    (2)put to使出于某种状态
    Nobel ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as，with a cry，he entered life．
    诺贝尔早在呱呱坠地时就应该被一位好心的医生弄死。
    第二段主要介绍了诺贝尔的家庭背景，以及他是怎样自学成材，靠个人的努力奋斗，最终成为了著名的科学家和实业家。
    (3)on one’s own独自地
    He had never been to school or university but had studied on his own and by the time he was twenty was as skillful chemist and an excellent linguist．
    他从未上过学，但他依靠自学，在二十岁时已经是一位技术娴熟的化学家，同时又是一位优秀的语言学家。
    (4)combine with使联合
    Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward—looking industrialist．
    的确，他的伟大之处在于他有创造型的科学家的品质和高瞻远瞩的实业家的品质结合起来的杰出能力。
    第三段总结了在诺贝尔的一生中，他最关注的事情并不是赚钱，而是世界的和平，他终生都在探索人生的意义，他总是去关心和帮助穷人，在遗嘱中他把钱留下来，设立奖金，鼓励那些在科学领域中做出突出贡献的科学家。诺贝尔正是以他的人格和理想受到了人们的怀念和尊敬。
    (5)take care of关心，照顾
    I’d rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone memorials．
    我宁愿关心活着的人的饥饱，也不为死者树碑立传。
    通过对文章的分析，可以清楚地看出作者分三部分介绍了诺贝尔的一生。第一部分用对比的手法写了他充满矛盾的性格特点，以及他在事业和生活上都是一个充满矛盾的人。第二部分介绍了他的家庭背景，和他如何靠自己的努力成为了一名伟大的科学家和实业家。第三部分从两个方面概括了他一生的追求和理想，他一生的理想是世界的和平。最大的愿望是用自己的财产去推动和鼓励科学事业的发展。
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