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  3. A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies

A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies

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问题     A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not grave; fainting, dizziness and hyperventilation are the most frequent complaints. But 13％ of them—roughly four a day—are serious enough to require a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies include heart trouble (46％), strokes and other neurological problems (18％), and difficult breathing (6％).
    Let’s face it: plane riders are stressful. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly what they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty easily, but passengers with heart disease may experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. Low pressure can also cause the air in body cavities to expand—as much as 30％. Again, most people won’t notice anything beyond mild stomach cramping. But if you’ve recently had an operation, your wound could open. And if a medical device has been implanted in your body—a splint, a tracheotomy tube or a catheter—it could expand and cause injury.
    Another common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis—the so-called economy-class syndrome. When you sit too long in a cramped position, the blood in our legs tends to clot. Most people just get sore calves. But blood clots, left untreated, could travel to the lungs, causing breathing difficulties and even death. Such clots are readily prevented by keeping blood flowing; walk and stretch your legs when possible.
    Whatever you do, don’t panic. Things are looking up on the in-flight-emergency front. Doctors who come to passengers’ aid used to worry about getting sued; their fears have lifted somewhat since the 1998 Aviation Medical Assistance Act gave them "good Samaritan" protection. And thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at least one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits with automated defibrillators to treat heart attacks.
    Are you still wondering if you are healthy enough to fly? If you can walk 150 feet, or climb a flight of stairs without getting winded, you’ll probably do just fine. Having a doctor close by doesn’t hurt, either.
What percentage of the in-flight medical emergencies on US flights does heart disease take up?
选项 A、13％.
B、46％.
C、18％.
D、6％.
答案D
解析 本题的关键词是heart disease，in-flight medical emergencies on US flights does heart disease，定位到原文第一段。该题属于细节题，问的是心脏病占美国航班飞行中的紧急医疗情况的百分比。首先由原文第一段第四句可知，心脏病占飞行中重症紧急医疗情况(the serious emergencies)的46％，而这并非是所有飞行中的紧急医疗情况的百分比，选项B属于偷换概念。根据第三句可知，重症紧急医疗情况在美国航班所有飞行中的紧急医疗情况中占13％，选项A属于答非所问。结合这两句可知，因为心脏病在重症中占46％的比例，而重症在医疗紧急事故中占比为13％，所以心脏病在紧急医疗事故中的占比是13％×46％≈％，所以选项D正确。而选项C“18％”由第一段第四句可知，指的是中风和其他神经系统疾病占飞行中重症医疗情况的百分比，因此选项C属于答非所问。第一段：简要介绍美国航班飞行中紧急医疗情况发生的频率和常见疾病。
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