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  3. "Fight-or-flight" behavior has long been considered the typical way we respond to stress. But psychologists at the University of

"Fight-or-flight" behavior has long been considered the typical way we respond to stress. But psychologists at the University of

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问题     "Fight-or-flight" behavior has long been considered the typical way we respond to stress. But psychologists at the University of California, Los Angeles say that women have more in their stress-response arsenal than just aggression or escape.
    According to research led by Dr. Shelley E. Taylor and Dr. Laura C. Klein(now at Pennsylvania State University), females under "attack" are less likely to fight or flee and more apt to attempt to protect their children and seek help from others, particularly other females. The researchers call this pattern of behavior "tend-and-befriend," and they suggest an evolutionary explanation for the difference.
    The UCLA scientists analyzed hundreds of biological and behavioral studies of both animals and humans. For example, they looked at research showing that crowding heightens stress among male rats but tends to calm female rats. One study found that fathers often wanted to be left alone when they got home from work. And if they had been under stress during the day, they were more likely to incite conflict in the family. Women who held jobs outside the home, however, were more likely to cope with a tough day at work by concentrating on their children.
    The authors believe that hormones are one reason for the difference, especially sex hormones and the pituitary hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin, which induces relaxation and lowers anxiety, is produced at a high level in nursing mothers. It’s also released in response to stress by both males and females—but its effects are enhanced by female hormones and reduced by male hormones. In contrast, the fight-or-flight response activates the nervous system and causes the secretion of the stress hormones adrenaline and Cortisol. Both sexes release these hormones under stress, but men also release testosterone, which tends to increase hostility and aggression.
    Because female aggression is less closely linked to nervous system arousal, the authors suggest, it’s more easily moderated by learning and culture, although they don’t deny that women’s social networks can also produce stress and conflict. Nor are they saying that men cannot tend and befriend under stress—only that they do so less easily and less often.
    Taylor and her colleagues think the tend-and-befriend response has been ignored largely because researchers studying stress have concentrated until recently only on men. The UCLA scientists are now conducting studies on oxytocin and stress.
According to the passage, which of the following is one of the "tend-and-befriend" behaviors?
选项 A、Quarrel with other family members.
B、Travel alone to other countries.
C、Give a hand to other people.
D、Care about the children.
答案D
解析 属信息归纳题。文章第二段对照顾与帮助这种应对压力的方式给出了明确的例子。选项A意为“与其他家庭成员争吵”，明显不符合题意。选项B是“独自旅行”，属于“对抗或逃避”中“逃避”的范畴，故也不符合题意。选项C“帮助他人”有一定迷惑性，但是文章提到是寻求他人的帮助，而非帮助他人，故错误。选项D意为“关心自己的孩子”，符合题意。
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