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  3. It’s a common belief that women take fewer risks than men, and that adolescents always plunge in headlong without considering th

It’s a common belief that women take fewer risks than men, and that adolescents always plunge in headlong without considering th

admin2015-03-25  80
问题     It’s a common belief that women take fewer risks than men, and that adolescents always plunge in headlong without considering the consequences. But the reality of who takes risks is actually a bit more complicated, according to the authors of a new paper which will be published in the August issue of Current Directions in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. Adolescents can be as cool-headed as anyone, and in some realms, women take more risks than men.
    A lot of what psychologists know about risk-taking comes from lab studies where people are asked to choose between a guaranteed amount of money or a gamble for a larger amount. But that kind of decision isn’t the same as deciding whether you’re going to speed on the way home from work, or go bungee jumping. Research in the last 10 years or so has found that the way people choose to take risks in one domain doesn’t necessarily hold in other domains.
    " The typical view is that women take less risks than men, that it starts early in childhood, in all cultures, and so on," says Bernd Figner of Columbia University and the University of Amsterdam, who cowrote the paper with Elke Weber of Columbia University. The truth is more complicated. Men are willing to take more risks in finances. But women take more social risks—a category that includes things like starting a new career in your mid-thirties or speaking your mind about an unpopular issue in a meeting at work.
    It seems that this difference is because men and women perceive risks differently. That difference in perception may be partly because of how familiar they are with different situations, Figner says. "If you have more experience with a risky situation, you may perceive it as less risky. " Differences in how boys and girls encounter the world as they’re growing up may make them more comfortable with different kinds of risks.
    Adolescents are known for risky behavior. But in lab tests, when they’re called on to think coolly about a situation, psychological scientists have found that adolescents are just as cautious as adults and children. The difference between the lab and the real world, Figner says, is partly the extent to which they involve emotion. In an experiment where adolescents’ emotions got triggered strongly, they looked very different from children and adults and took bigger risks, just as observed in real world settings.
    "Ultimately we would like to provide knowledge with our research that people can use to make decisions that are more beneficial for them in the long term," Figner says. The goal isn’t to avoid risk, of course—stepping out the front door in the morning increases your chance of getting run over by a bus. But by understanding when and how people decide to take risks, he hopes to help people make risky decisions that they won’t regret, either immediately after they have made them, or years later.
Which of the following statements might Figner agree with?
选项 A、The more risks one experiences, the less dangerous he will feel.
B、People can learn skills to avoid taking risks from the paper.
C、The common belief that women take more risks than men is wrong.
D、there is no apparent difference between the results from lab and real world.
答案A
解析 观点态度题。由题干关键词Figner agree with定位至第四段。该段第三句提到，Figner认为人们对风险情形有更多的感知，就会认为风险不是那么大，故[A]符合文意。最后一段第二句提到，Figner说该研究的目的并不是为了使人们可以避免冒险，而是通过对冒险的理解而不让自己做出后悔的决定，[B]与文意相悖；由本文主旨可知，谁更爱冒险并不是简单的问答题，而是受对风险感知、经历、熟悉程度和情感的影响，并不能说男人或女人谁更爱冒险，[C]与文意相悖；由第五段的论述可知，青年人在实验中可以保持头脑冷静，但在现实生活中却容易做出冒险行为，可见二者有明显的不同，[D]与文意相悖。
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