2. 外语
  3. Chinese Dialects (方言) The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an

Chinese Dialects (方言) The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an

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问题                        Chinese Dialects (方言)
    The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an empire in 221 B. C. , and it is one big reason why the country has remained impoverished (贫穷). Of the 600 million people who call themselves Chinese, all but a very small number speak Chinese. But the dialects vary so widely that the speech of Peking, for example, is as different from the speech of Canton as English is from German.
    There is to be sure, only one written language for all China, but it bears no phonetic(语音的)relationship to any of the spoken dialects. Moreover, it has so many symbols that only a tiny portion of the population has ever mastered it.
    As a result, most Chinese have been isolated for centuries from a free flow of ideas and from the economic progress that such a flow produces. Many dynasties tried with little success to break down the wall. After recognizing the importance of having a literate people for working in a technological world and for developing an effective propaganda(宣传) machine, the present government is putting everything into tackling the language problem. But the obstacles are so formidable(难以应付的) that the results cannot yet be predicted.
    At the heart the problem is the dialects. The dialects’ prevented the evolution of a single written language based on phonetics. Instead, the Chinese were forced to develop a system that has no relation to sound, and they have clung to it for more than 3, 000 years. When this system is applied to a whole language, it results in an overwhelming number of symbols.
    There are about 50, 000 entries in a Chinese dictionary not counting the compounds(复合词). In order to be literate, a Chinese must learn 6, 000; to be moderately educated, 12, 000. An English-speaking child, having to conquer only a twenty-six-letter alphabet, has usually learned to read by the time he begins the third grade. A Chinese child needs at least five more years of elementary learning; in the seventh grade, he can barely read a Chinese newspaper.
A. Dealing with the Problem of Various Dialects
B. Difficulties in Learning Chinese
C. Features of Chinese Dialects
D. Differences in Chinese Dialects
E. Dialects as Heart of the Problem
F. Ways of the Government to Tackle the Problem
Paragraph 3______
选项
答案A
解析 本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握以及抽象概括能力。本段谈到语言问题阻碍了思想与产品的交流，历届政府都想解决这一问题。当前政府已经认识到解决语言问题的重要性，投入全力来对付。所以，该段的主题是“tackling the langrage problem”，tackling的意思就是选项A的dealing with，故选A。
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