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  3. 莎士比亚时期的戏剧 ——2018年英译汉及详解 Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in th

莎士比亚时期的戏剧 ——2018年英译汉及详解 Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in th

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问题 莎士比亚时期的戏剧
    ——2018年英译汉及详解
Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. (46) By the date of his birth, Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school, organization of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment, and (47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might vet bring honor to England.
When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public play house was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’ s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court. (48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lily, Peele and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kid had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage— where they had paled no part since the death of Euripides. (49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouse established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.
The development of the Elizabeth drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blessing, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great career. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire has survived.
【F5】
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答案要想知道戏剧艺术的伟大之处，我们还必须记住许多戏剧已经不复存在了，而且连著名作者也可能没有完整的作品保留下来。
解析 本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和定语从句。
    本句主干是we must remember further that…and that…no author of note，其中宾语部分是and连接的两个that引导的宾语从句。
    定语从句whose entire work has survived，修饰author of note，从句比较简短，可放在author of note的前面去译，即“完整作品留存下来的著名作者”，则第二个that引导的宾语从句译为“可能也没有完整作品留存下来的著名作者”，但这样汉语译文中定语部分较长，不够通顺简洁，可按照汉语习惯译为“可能著名作者也没有完整的作品保留下来”。to realize how great the dramatic activity was位于句首，作目的状语，仍可放在句首翻译，how理解为“多么”。
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