首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that severe as people imagine. In fact, economists with two or
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that severe as people imagine. In fact, economists with two or
admin
2015-01-31
38
问题
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that severe as people imagine. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their one-child or childless colleagues. But female economists in particular can pay a price in terms of productivity after becoming mothers, especially if they’ re young or unmarried.
That’ s, according to new research from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, a working paper("Parenthood and Productivity of Highly Skilled Labour: Evidence from the Grove of Academe")published this month by Matthias Krapf of the University of Zurich, Heinrich Ursprung of the University of Konstanz and Christian Zimmermann of the regional reserve bank.
"There is a widespread conviction that motherhood is extremely costly in terms of professional career advancement. In particular, it is often argued that the only way for young women to make a challenging career is to remain childless," they wrote. "Our study of the academic labour market arrives at a somewhat less
dreary
picture: we do not observe a family gap in research productivity among female academic economists. Moreover, motherhood-induced decreases in research productivity are less pronounced than usually purported."
The authors in early 2012 surveyed about 10,000 economists through the Research Papers in Economics online platform, matching the academics’ answers with their publication records. They gauged an economist’ s productivity by looking at their output: published research, weighted by journal quality. Some of their findings are as follows:
"Mothers of at least two children are, on average, more productive than mothers of only one child, and mothers in general are more productive than childless women. Fathers of at least two children are also more productive than fathers of one child and childless men. Toward the end of their careers, however, childless men appear to be somewhat more productive than fathers of one child."
Parenthood does appear linked to lower productivity while the children are 12 and younger: mothers average a 17.4% loss, while fathers average a 5% loss. A female economist with three children, on average, loses the equivalent of four years of research output by the time her kids become teenagers.
Women who are married or in a stable relationship "do not have any drop in research productivity in the three years following childbirth." For single mothers, research output drops by roughly a third over the same period.
Female economists who have their first child before the age of 30 are less productive, while "for older first-time mothers, the effect remains negative, but it is much smaller and lacks statistical significance."
Male economists without tenure become more productive after having a child, while tenured male economists won’t be more productive. There is no similar effect for female economists.
The word "dreary"(Line 4, Para. 3)may mean______.
选项
A、exciting.
B、relieved
C、inspiring
D、downcast
答案
D
解析
语义题。单词dreary修饰名词picture,因此该词应是形容词,根据picture后的句子We do not observe a family gap in research productivity among femaleacademic economists.“我们没有发现女性学术型经济学家的学术研究效率因拥有家庭而出现差距。”这一消息属正面信息,会带给人积极的力量,而dreary由比较级less修饰,因此,dreary一定带有非正面意义,选项中,只有D项downcast“沮丧的”是非正面意义,且符合文意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/3Lh7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Mostpeopleareawarethatoutdoorairpollutioncandamagetheirhealth,butmanydonotknowthatindoorairpollutionalsoca
A、Togetmedicaltreatment.B、Toinquireabouthisresultsofthepaper.C、Tofindouttheexamschedule.D、Togetanextension
A、Becausetheylikethedesignofthedresses.B、Becausetheyliketoweardifferentclothes.C、Becausetheypreferbuyingcloth
Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblem,onasmaller【B1】______,facespractica
Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblem,onasmaller【B1】______,facespractica
A、Enteringalargecompanywithoutapplication.B、Programminghumanfeelingsintomachines.C、Decidingone’sbestpartnerthroug
Sharksarecompletelycolourblindandonlyseethingsclearlyiftheyaremostlylightordark,sowearingalightbluewet-sui
A、Theywantedtodowhattheyweretoldnotto.B、Thenoticewasclosertothepath.C、Theyhatedtoseethenotice.D、Thenotic
Anadvanceddegreeinbusinessstudiesisnowamustforanyambitiousandfocusedexecutivehopingtoclimbthecareerladderi
Earlyintelligencetestswerenotwithouttheircritics.ManenduringconcernswerefirstraisedbytheinfluentialjournalistW
随机试题
开口于上鼻道的鼻旁窦是()
甲、乙结婚多年,因甲沉迷于网络游戏,双方协议离婚,甲同意家庭的主要财产由乙取得。离婚后不久,乙发现甲曾在婚姻存续期间私自购买了两处房产并登记在自己名下,于是起诉甲,要求再次分割房产并要求甲承担损害赔偿责任。下列哪些选项是正确的?(2008年)
在铁路工程中,地基基本承载力是指建筑物短边宽度不大于2m,埋置深度不大于()m时的地基容许承载力。
为了实现有序和科学的项目信息管理,应由()。
选出没有语病的一项。()
在命令窗口中,打印报表YYl可使用的命令是
Duringthetraditionalweddingceremony,thebrideandthebridegroompromiseeachotherlifelongdevotion.Yet,aboutoneouto
Nooneshouldstandinjudgmentonanyonebyhislook.
What’sHarold’sinterestwhilehe’spractisinglaw?
AsaprofessoratalargeAmericanuniversity,Ioftenhearstudentssaying:"I’monlya1050."Theunluckystudentsarespeaki
最新回复
(
0
)