首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
But probably the fullest statement of the doctrine of the rule of law occurs in the work of William Pa-ley,the "great codifier o
But probably the fullest statement of the doctrine of the rule of law occurs in the work of William Pa-ley,the "great codifier o
admin
2015-01-09
53
问题
But probably the fullest statement of the doctrine of the rule of law occurs in the work of William Pa-ley,the "great codifier of thought in an age of codification."It deserved quoting at some length: "The first maxim of a free state,"he writes,is,that the laws be made by one set of men,and administered by another; in other words,that the legislative and the judicial character be kept separate. When these offices are unified in the same person or assembly,particular laws are made for particular cases,springing often times from partial motives,and directed to private ends:whilst they are kept separate,general laws are made by one body of men,without foreseeing whom they may affect;and,when made,must be applied by the other,let them affect whom they will...When the parties and interests to be affected by the laws were known,the inclination of the law makers would inevitably attach to one side or the othenand where there were neither any fixed rules to regulate their determinations,nor any superior power to control their proceedings,these inclinations would interfere with the integrity of public justice. The consequence of which must be,that the subjects of such a constitution would live either without constant laws,that is,without any known pre-established rules of adjudication whatever;or under laws made for particular persons, and partaking of the contradictions and iniquity of the motives to which they owed their origin.
"Which dangers,by the division of the legislative and judicial functions,are in this country effectually provided against. Parliament knows not the individuals upon whom its acts will operate;it has no ease or parties before it;no private designs to serve:consequently,its resolutions will be suggested by the considerations of universal effects and tendencies,which always produce impartial and commonly advantageous regulations."
With the end of the eighteenth century,England’s major contributions to the development of the principles of freedom came to a close. Though Macaulay did once more for the nineteenth century what Hume had done for the eighteenth,and though the Whig intelligentsia of the Edinburgh Review and economists in the Smithian tradition,like J.R. MacCulloch and N. W Senior,continued to think of liberty in classical terms,there was little further development. The new liberalism that gradually displaced Whiggism came more and more under the influence of the rationalist tendencies of the philosophical radicals and the French tradition. Bentham and his Utilitarians did much to destroy the beliefs that England had in part preserved from the Middle Ages,by their scornful treatment of most of what until then had been the most admired features of the British constitution. And they introduced into Britain what had so far been entirely absent—the desire to remake the whole of her law and institutions on rational principles.
The lack of understanding of the traditional principles of English liberty on the part of the men guided by the ideals of the French Revolution is clearly illustrated by one of the early apostles of that revolution in England,Dr. Richard Price. As early as 1778 he argued:"Liberty is too imperfectly defined when it is said to be a Government of LAWS and not by MEN. If the laws are made by one man,or a junto of men in a state,and not by common CONSENT,a government by them is not different from slavery."Eight years later he was able to display a commendatory letter from Turgot:"How comes it that you are almost the first of the writers of your country,who has given a just idea of liberty,and shown the falsity of the notion so frequently repeated by almost all Republican Writers that liberty consists in being subject only to the laws?" From then onward,the essentially French concept of political liberty was indeed progressively to displace the English ideal of individual liberty,until it could be said that "in Great Britain,which,little more than a century ago,repudiated the ideas on which the French Revolution was based,and led the resistance to Napoleon, those ideas have triumphed."Though in Britain most of the achievements of the seventeenth century were preserved beyond the nineteenth,we must look elsewhere for the further development of the ideals underlying them.
Which of the following best expresses the author’s opinion of the Utilitarians?
选项
A、Unbiased
B、Neutral
C、Critical
D、Sympathetic
答案
C
解析
题目问:下列哪项最好地描述了作者对功利主义的态度?第三段“Bentham and his Utilitarians didmuch to destroy the beliefs that England had in part preserved from the Middle Ages,by their scornfultreatment of most of what until then had been the most admired features of the British constitution.”通过这句话可知,边沁和他的功利主义哲学破坏了英国从中世纪继承来的信仰,他们轻蔑地对待英国宪法的特征。据此判断,应选择C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/3ZQO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth;Whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasare
Mynexthusbandwilldefinitelybehen-pecked.Everyonelaughablyassumesmypresentoneis,soImayaswellhavetheadvantage
Withthepurchasingpowerofmanymiddle-classhouseholds______behindthecostofliving,therewasanurgentdemandforcredi
Likesomanythingsofvalue,truthisnotalwayseasytocomeby.Whatweregardastrueshapesourbeliefs,attitudes,andact
Peoplethinkingabouttheoriginoflanguageforthefirsttimeusuallyarriveattheconclusionthatitdevelopedgraduallyas
Inthepast10years,thecompanyhasgradually______allofitssmallerrivals.
Hisofficeis______tothePresident’s;itusuallytakeshimaboutthreeminutestogetthere.
Ourcartrunk______withsuitcasesandwecouldhardlymakeroomforanything.
Suchtighteningwouldprobablycauserefinancingtoslumptoabout$300billionatannualrateslatethisyear,whichwouldeli
Directadvertingincludesallformsofsalesappeals,mailed,delivered,orexhibiteddirectlytotheprospectivebuyerofanad
随机试题
脾:
患者女,左颈部发现肿物8个月,逐渐增大、数目增多为10个,其中1个于1个月前溃破,脓液呈米汤样,破口不易愈合。应首先考虑的诊断为
唾液量测定判断分泌减少的标准是5g白蜡咀嚼3分钟,全唾液量低于
A.葡糖基一β—CDB.乙基-β—CDC.α一CDD.γ-CDE.β—CD能够降低药物的溶解度、达到缓释目的的包合材料是
进行水泥混凝土抗折强度试验,首先应擦干试件表面,检查试件,如发现试件中部()长度内有蜂窝等缺陷,则该试件废弃。
儿童喜欢游戏,他们在游戏中可以获得快乐,学会与人相处,游戏主要满足了儿童的()需要。
世界三大宗教是指__________、基督教、__________。
如果你喝的饮料中含有酒精,心率就会加快。如果你的心率加快,就会觉得兴奋。因此,如果你喝的饮料中含有酒精,就会觉得兴奋。以下哪项推理的结构和上述推理最为类似?
Paragraph1Paragraph3
SomeNotesonGender-NeutralLanguageGeneralThepracticeofassigningmasculinegendertoneutraltermscomesfromthefac
最新回复
(
0
)