首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clari- lying goals, asses
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clari- lying goals, asses
admin
2010-05-25
77
问题
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clari- lying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intu- ition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of dar8 and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
How the writers on management understand intuition can be best described as
选项
A、contradictory.
B、irrational.
C、insightful.
D、vague.
答案
D
解析
推断题。原文中的poor grasp表明作者认为管理学著作的作者对“直觉”认识不明确,由此可见,选项 D为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/3p2K777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
AccordingtoMartin,livinginthe19thcenturywouldhavebeenaverynicethingEXCEPT_______.
Noonecandenythatpesticidehaveimprovedtheabilityoffarmerstobringtheircropstomarket.【C1】______pesticides,farmer
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnose,treatandstopthespreadofanew,deadlydisease.SAR
Americaisthelandoftheautomobile.Thiscountryhasonly6percentoftheworld’spopulationbut46percentoftheworld’sc
Indeed,almosteveryscientistnowfindsitimpossibletoreadalltheworksrelevanttohisownsubject,______extensivelyout
Manyofthemostdamagingandlifethreateningtypesofweathertorrentialrains,severethunderstorms,andtornadoes(龙卷风,)--beg
Manyofthemostdamagingandlife-threateningtypesofweather—torrentialrains,severethunderstorms,andtornadoes—beginquic
Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreateror
Collegecostsvaryquiteabit,dependinguponthetypeofschoolattended.Forexample,atmanyofthemoreexpensiveprivates
Theplanforunityunderafederalsystem______intoeffectin1782.
随机试题
Theincreaseinsalesofprofessionalhair-careproductsindicatesthatconsumersarepayingasmuchattentiontotheirhairas
白去一片去悠悠,________。(张若虚《春江花月夜》)
A.镇肝熄风汤B.天麻钩藤饮C.两者均可D.两者均不可
酸枣仁汤中配伍茯苓的主要用意是
下列有关新婚节育指导说法错误的是
A.结合分支杆菌感染B.肺炎链球菌感染C.长时间大剂量使用头孢呋辛D.长时间大剂量使用糖皮质激素E.缺铁性贫血能够引起白细胞减少的是()。
有顶盖不封闭的永久性的架空通廊,按外围水平投影面积的全部计算。()
【背景资料】某项目共有9项任务,在第20周结束时有一个检查点。项目经理在该点实施检查时发现,一些任务已经完成,一些任务正在实施,另外一些任务还没有开工,如表1所示(图中的百分数表示任务的完成程度)。各项任务已完成工作量的实际耗费成本在表2中的第3列
以下几项属于通过对知识的修订产生概念转变的是()
Five-year-oldEliaarrivedatschoolwithabigboxofcoloredpencils.Herfriend,Anna,offeredtoexchangehersetofmarkers
最新回复
(
0
)